Table 4.
Sl. No | Compounds | Subclass | Plant source | Study model | Mechanism of action | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Bacosine | Triterpenoids | Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. | In vivo (Diabetic rat) | Increase in the consumption of peripheral glucose and protection against oxidative damage. Increase in the level of liver glycogen as well | (29) |
2 | Bassic acid | Triterpene acid | Bumelia sartorum Mart. | In vivo (Diabetic rat) | Increase in glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. Increase in insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta-cells | (42) |
3 | β-amyrin | Triterpenoids | Costus pictus D. Don | In vitro | Improved glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes | (67) |
4 | Turmerone | Sesquiterpenoids | Curcuma longa L. | In vitro | Inhibition of α-glucosidase and α -amylase activity | (73) |
5 | α-amyrin-3O-β-(5-hydroxy) ferulic acid | Triterpenes | Euclea undulate Thunb. var. myrtina | In vitro | Inhibition of α –glucosidase activity | (81) |
6 | Gymnemagenin | Triterpenoids | Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. | Crystallographic investigation | Exhibition of good gelling property with various target protein’s crystallographic constitution which contribute to its carbohydrate management property | (83) |
7 | Thymoquinone, Dithymoquinone | Monoterpene, Diterpene | Nigella sativa L. | Potential stimulation in pancreatic β-cells causing insulin secretion, reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis, and induced insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue | (139) |