Table 4.

Antidiabetic potential of terpenes extracted from medicinal plants and their mechanism of actions.

Sl. No	Compounds	Subclass	Plant source	Study model	Mechanism of action	Reference
1	Bacosine	Triterpenoids	Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.	In vivo (Diabetic rat)	Increase in the consumption of peripheral glucose and protection against oxidative damage. Increase in the level of liver glycogen as well	(29)
2	Bassic acid	Triterpene acid	Bumelia sartorum Mart.	In vivo (Diabetic rat)	Increase in glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. Increase in insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta-cells	(42)
3	β-amyrin	Triterpenoids	Costus pictus D. Don	In vitro	Improved glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes	(67)
4	Turmerone	Sesquiterpenoids	Curcuma longa L.	In vitro	Inhibition of α-glucosidase and α -amylase activity	(73)
5	α-amyrin-3O-β-(5-hydroxy) ferulic acid	Triterpenes	Euclea undulate Thunb. var. myrtina	In vitro	Inhibition of α –glucosidase activity	(81)
6	Gymnemagenin	Triterpenoids	Gymnema sylvestre R. Br.	Crystallographic investigation	Exhibition of good gelling property with various target protein’s crystallographic constitution which contribute to its carbohydrate management property	(83)
7	Thymoquinone, Dithymoquinone	Monoterpene, Diterpene	Nigella sativa L.		Potential stimulation in pancreatic β-cells causing insulin secretion, reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis, and induced insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue	(139)