Table 4.
Total and cause-specific mortality, overall and stratified by sex, in gout cases compared to controls.
| Causes of death | Cause-specific mortality | Cause-specific mortality. Fine-gray method | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Male | Female | Overall | Male | Female | |||||||
| Model 1 | p-value | Model 2 | p-value | Model 2 | p-value | Model 2 | p-value | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 2 | Model 2 | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 1.54 (1.47–1.60) | <0.0001 | 1.13 (1.08–1.18) | <0.0001 | 1.07 (1.01–1.14) | 0.02 | 1.23 (1.15–1.32) | <0.0001 | 1.54 (1.48–1.61) | 1.17 (1.12–1.23) |
1.13 (1.06–1.20) | 1.25 (1.16–1.34) |
| Renal diseases | 2.62 (2.05–3.35) | <0.0001 | 1.53 (1.17–2.01) | 0.002 | 1.60 (1.16–2.21) | 0.004 | 1.32 (0.79–2.20) | 0.3 | 2.47 (1.93–3.15) | 1.55 (1.15–2.08) |
1.64 (1.16–2.31) | 1.30 (0.72–2.36) |
| Dementia | 0.40 (0.32–0.50) | <0.0001 | 0.65 (0.57–0.75) | <0.0001 | 0.65 (0.54–0.79) | <0.0001 | 0.67 (0.55–0.81) | <0.0001 | 0.45 (0.40–0.52) | 0.68 (0.59–0.78) |
0.70 (0.57–0.84) | 0.67 (0.55–0.82) |
| Infections | 1.34 (1.19–1.51) | <0.0001 | 1.10 (0.97–1.25) | 0.1 | 1.06 (0.91–1.25) | 0.4 | 1.21 (0.98–1.48) | 0.07 | 1.25 (1.11–1.40) | 1.13 (1.00–1.28) |
1.10 (0.94–1.28) | 1.19 (0.97–1.46) |
| Diabetes | 1.79 (1.52–2.11) | <0.0001 | 0.94 (0.79–1.12) | 0.5 | 0.89 (0.71–1.11) | 0.3 | 1.04 (0.79–1.37) | 0.8 | 1.69 (1.43–1.99) | 0.98 (0.82–1.17) |
0.96 (0.76–1.20) | 1.02 (0.77–1.35) |
| Diseases of the digestive system | 1.52 (1.29–1.80) | <0.0001 | 1.27 (1.06–1.52) | 0.01 | 1.18 (0.94–1.49) | 0.2 | 1.43 (1.08–1.89) | 0.01 | 1.44 (1.22–1.71) | 1.30 (1.09–1.56) |
1.24 (0.98–1.55) | 1.41 (1.06–1.87) |
| Lung diseases | 1.24 (1.08–1.42) | 0.003 | 0.86 (0.74–0.99) | 0.04 | 0.81 (0.67–0.98) | 0.03 | 0.89 (0.71–1.12) | 0.3 | 1.17 (1.02–1.34) | 0.86 (0.75–1.00) |
0.83 (0.68–1.01) | 0.89 (0.71–1.11) |
| Neoplasms | 0.86 (0.77–0.97) | 0.01 | 0.90 (0.84–0.97) | 0.003 | 0.87 (0.80–0.94) | 0.0009 | 0.98 (0.86–1.11) | 0.8 | 0.90 (0.84–0.96) | 0.91 (0.84–0.97) |
0.88 (0.80–0.96) | 0.98 (0.86–1.11) |
| Other | 1.12 (1.02–1.23) | 0.01 | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) | 0.6 | 1.02 (0.90–1.15) | 0.8 | 1.05 (0.89–1.24) | 0.6 | 1.06 (0.96–1.16) | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) |
1.06 (0.94–1.19) | 1.03 (0.87–1.22) |
| All-cause mortality | 1.24 (1.21–1.28) | <0.0001 | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | 0.079 | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | 0.5 | 1.10 (1.05–1.15) | 0.0002 | ||||
Results are presented as, age/sex- and fully adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals), both without and with adjustment for competing risks (Fine and Grey method), using Cox proportional hazard models.
CI, confidence intervals.
Model 1: adjusted for sex and age at baseline.
Model 2: adjusted for sex and age at baseline, marital status, income, education, born outside of Sweden, alcohol related disorders, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, chronic kidney disease, dementia, lung diseases, any neoplasm.