Table 1.

The definition and abbreviation of the variables in the model.

Variable	Abbreviation	Definition
Smoking status	Smoke	Binary variable scored 1 if participants smoke now and 0 otherwise
Quality of life utility index	Index	Binary variable scored 1 if the quality of life utility index is larger than its mean value and 0 otherwise
Age	Age	Continuous variable measured in years
Gender	Gender	Binary variable scored 1 for males and 0 for females
Educational level	Education	Categorical variable scored 1 for Illiterate, 2 for Primary School, 3 for Middle School, 4 for High School and Junior College, and 5 for College and above
Marital status	Marriage	Categorical variable scored 1 for Single, 2 for Married, and 3 for Divorced or Widowed
Logarithm of family income	Lnincome	Continuous variable
Occupation	Occupation	Categorical variable scored 1 for Party and government agencies or institutions staff/State-owned enterprises or private enterprise staff, 2 for Self-employed/freelance workers, 3 for Rural migrant workers/Rural local non-agricultural workers/Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery workers, 4 for Retired workers, and 5 for Unemployed people
Family size	Family size	Categorical variable scored 1 for one, 2 for two, 3 for three, and 4 for four and above
Health status	Health status	Categorical variable scored 1 for 0–2 chronic diseases and 2 for 3 or more chronic diseases
Province	Province	Categorical variable scored 1 for Henan, 2 for Heilongjiang, 3 for Shandong, 4 for Hebei, 5 for Sichuan, 6 for Hubei, 7 for Guizhou, and 8 for Shaanxi
Whether the increase in cigarette prices reduced the number of cigarettes smoked	PRS	Binary variable scored 1 if the increase in cigarette prices reduced the number of cigarettes smoked and 0 otherwise