Table 2.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of four clusters and deceased cohort for comparison.
|
Characteristics
(unit; normal reference range**) |
Cluster 1
(n = 1,959) |
Cluster 2
(n = 2,224) |
Cluster 3
(n = 1,850) |
Cluster 4
(n = 1,573) |
p-value | Deceased cohort | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Median (IQR) or count (within cluster %) |
|||||||
| I. | Demographics | ||||||
| Age (years) |
36a*** (24–50) |
38b (27–53) |
51c (38–61) |
65d (57–75) |
<0.001 | 81 (74–87) |
|
| Sex (Males) |
285a (14.5%) |
1947b (87.5%) |
442c (23.9%) |
1023d (65.0%) |
87 (61.3%) |
||
| II. | Complete blood count | ||||||
| White blood Cell count (*109/L; 3.7–9.2) |
6.2a (5.2–7.5) |
5.6b (4.7–6.8) |
3.8c (3.2–4.3) |
5.8d (4.8–7.1) |
<0.001 | 6.9 (5.1–9.0) |
|
| Neutrophil count (*109/L; 1.7–5.8) |
3.7a (2.9–4.8) |
3.3b (2.6–4.2) |
2.2c (1.7–2.7) |
4.0d (3.2–5.3) |
<0.001 | 4.9 (3.5–7.4) |
|
| Lymphocyte count (*109/L; 1.0–3.1) |
1.7a (1.3–2.2) |
1.5b (1.2–2.0) |
1.1c (0.8–1.3) |
1.0d (0.7–1.3) |
<0.001 | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) |
|
| Monocyte count (*109/L; 0.1–0.8) |
0.5a (0.4–0.7) |
0.6b (0.4–0.7) |
0.4c (0.3–0.5) |
0.5a (0.4–0.7) |
<0.001 | 0.6 (0.3–0.8) |
|
| Hemoglobin (g/dL; 11.7–14.9) |
13.0a (12.1–13.6) |
15.1b (14.5–15.7) |
13.2c (12.3–13.9) |
13.3c (12.1–14.2) |
<0.001 | 12.2 (10.7–13.4) |
|
| Hematocrit (L/L; 0.35–0.45) |
0.38a (0.36–0.40) |
0.44b (0.43–0.46) |
0.39c (0.37–0.41) |
0.39c (0.36–0.42) |
<0.001 | 0.36 (0.32–0.40) |
|
| III. | Liver function | ||||||
| Albumin (g/L; 35.0–52.0) |
41.2a (38.8–43.9) |
43.0b (40.9–45.5) |
40.0c (37.0–42.0) |
36.0d (32.0–39.0) |
<0.001 | 34.0 (29.0–38.1) |
|
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L; 5.0–21.0) |
7.0a (5.0–9.7) |
9.5b (7.0–12.9) |
6.6c (5.0–9.0) |
8.2d (6.2–11.3) |
<0.001 | 8.2 (6.0–11.6) |
|
| Alanine aminotransferase (μ/L; 0.0–34.4) |
18.0a (13.1–27.0) |
29.0b (20.0–45.0) |
20.0a (14.0–28.5) |
29.0b (20.0–44.0) |
<0.001 | 20.8 (14.0–33.2) |
|
| Alkaline phosphatase (μ/L; 30–120) |
67a (54–87) |
69b (58–82) |
60c (50–73) |
67b (56–84) |
<0.001 | 72 (59–103) |
|
| IV. | Kidney function | ||||||
| Urea (mmol/L; 2.8–8.1) |
3.4a (2.7–4.1) |
4.2b (3.6–5.0) |
3.6c (2.9–4.3) |
4.9d (3.9–6.6) |
<0.001 | 7.0 (5.3–10.0) |
|
| Creatinine (μmol/L; 49.0–90.0) |
57.0a (50.8–64.0) |
80.0b (72.0–90.0) |
72.0c (62.8–84.0) |
82.0d (69.0–101.0) |
<0.001 | 101.1 (73.0–137.7) |
|
| V. | Inflammatory marker | ||||||
| C–reactive protein (mg/dL; 0.0–5.0) |
0.2a (0.1–0.4) |
0.3b (0.1–0.7) |
0.5c (0.2–1.2) |
3.6d (1.6–7.2) |
<0.001 | 3.6 (1.3–8.6) |
|
| VI. | Electrolyte | ||||||
| Sodium (mmol/L; 136–145) |
139a (137–140) |
139a (138–140) |
139b (137–140) |
136c (133–138) |
<0.001 | 136 (133–140) |
|
| Potassium (mmol/L; 3.4–4.8) |
3.8a (3.5–4.0) |
3.9b (3.6–4.1) |
3.7c (3.4–3.9) |
3.8a (3.5–4.1) |
<0.001 | 4.0 (3.7–4.3) |
|
| Phosphate (mmol/L; 0.88–1.45) |
1.11a (0.98–1.27) |
1.07b (0.95–1.20) |
1.02c (0.89–1.15) |
0.95d (0.83–1.09) |
<0.001 | 1.08 (0.90–1.23) |
|
| Calcium (mmol/L; 2.15–2.55) |
2.31a (2.25–2.38) |
2.33a (2.26–2.39) |
2.22b (2.16–2.28) |
2.17c (2.10–2.24) |
<0.001 | 2.14 (2.06–2.25) |
|
| VII. | Others | ||||||
| Lactate dehydrogenase (μ/L; 0.0–246.4) |
176.5a (154.0–208.0) |
182.2b (161.0–210.0) |
191.0c (164.0–220.0) |
263.0d (212.0–350.0) |
<0.001 | 249.0 (199.1–378.8) |
|
| Creatine kinase (μ/L; 39–308) |
67a (49–91) |
104b (76–151) |
82c (59–120) |
141d (85–258) |
<0.001 | 131 (71–250) |
|
**
Most used normal reference range.
***
Each subscript letter denotes a cluster whose column proportions do not differ significantly from each other at the 0.05 significance level. The clusters with different letter are significantly different from each other at the 0.05 significance level.