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. 2022 Feb 24;9:821928. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.821928

Table 1.

Patient characteristics.

All patients D-dimer ≤14,500 ng/ml D-dimer >14,500 ng/ml p -value
(n = 470) (n = 273) (n = 197)
Demographics
Age (years) 51.86 ± 10.76 50.39 ± 11.36 54.24 ± 9.52 <0.001
Male gender 396 (84.26%) 227 (83.15%) 169 (85.79%) 0.439
Smoker 161 (34.26%) 98 (35.90%) 63 (31.98%) 0.337
Drinker 35 (7.45%) 17 (6.23%) 18 (9.14%) 0.236
BMI (Kg/m2) 24.79 ± 3.94 24.65 ± 3.97 24.75 ± 3.96 0.511
Medical history
Hypertension 321 (68.30%) 153 (64.8%) 168 (71.8%) 0.105
Diabetes 8 (1.7%) 5 (1.83%) 3 (1.52%) 0.799
History of cardiovascular surgery 37 (7.87%) 34 (12.45%) 3 (1.52%) <0.001
CAD 46 (9.79%) 25 (9.15%) 21 (10.66%) 0.589
MFS 24 (5.11%) 20 (7.33%) 4 (2.03%) 0.010
BAV 10 (2.16%) 9 (3.30%) 1 (0.51%) 0.039
Aspirin 11 (2.34%) 7 (2.56%) 4 (2.03%) 0.706
Admission laboratory results
White blood cell count (×109) 12.48 (10.22–15.20) 11.52 (9.43–13.97) 13.77 (11.61–16.38) <0.001
Neutrophil ratio 0.822 (0.757–0.861) 0.785 (0.723–0.835) 0.849 (0.808–0.886) <0.001
Platelets (×109) 185 (151–228) 202 (164–253) 164 (131–200) <0.001
D-dimer (ng/ml) 10,120 (3,450–20,000) 4,160 (1,590–8,070) 20,000 (20,000–20,000) <0.001
Echocardiographic
LVEF 63.80 ± 6.41 63.43 ± 6.55 64.31 ± 6.19 0.147
AAO 43.64 ± 7.22 44.09 ± 7.95 43.02 ± 6.02 0.116
LA 34.12 ± 4.95 34.39 ± 4.90 33.73 ± 5.00 0.160
LVESD 30.23 ± 5.96 31.40 ± 2.25 29.01 ± 5.58 <0.001
AR 0.160
None/mild 313 (66.60%) 181 (66.30%) 132 (67.01%)
Moderate 88 (18.72%) 47 (17.22%) 41 (20.81%)
Severe 61 (12.98%) 40 (14.65%) 21 (10.66%)
MR 0.111
None/mild 442 (97.04%) 256 (93.77%) 189 (95.94%)
Moderate 13 (2.77%) 10 (3.66%) 3 (1.52%)
Severe 3 (0.64%) 2 (0.73%) 1 (0.51%)
TR 0.855
None/mild 435 (92.5%) 251 (91.94%) 184 (93.40%)
Moderate 22 (4.68%) 14 (5.13%) 8 (4.06%)
Severe 4 (0.85%) 3 (1.10%) 1 (0.51%)
Procedural information
CPB time 241.0 (211.0–280.0) 234.0 (202.0–265.0) 258.0 (217.5–296.5) <0.001
ACC time 132.0 (103.0–160.0) 132.0 (103.0–160.0) 127.0 (101.0–151.0) <0.001
CABG 32 (6.81%) 12 (4.40%) 20 (10.15%) 0.014
Total arch replacement 452 (96.17%) 256 (93.77%) 196 (99.49%) 0.001

Smoker is defined as current smoker (smoke more than 100 cigarettes and has smoked in the last 1 month) and ex-smoker.

BMI, body mass index; BAV, bicuspid aortic valve; MFS, Marfan syndrome; CAD, coronary artery disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; AAO, ascending arota; LA, left atrium; LVESD, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; AR, aorta ascendens; MR, mitral regurgitation; TR, tricuspid regurgitation; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; ACC, aortic cross clamp; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft.