Skip to main content
. 2022 Feb 24;10:829674. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.829674

Table 1.

Sample characteristics of the participants surveyed in each wave.

Wave 1 (September 2016,
n = 978)
Wave 2 (September 2019,
n = 949)
Wave 3 (September 2020,
n = 910)
Statistics
Sex (male/female) 544/434 503/446 481/429 χ2 = 1.873, p = 0.392
Age (years) Unavailable 12.027 ± 0.432 Unavailable /
MMHI-60 results (positive/negative/positive rate)
Obsessive–compulsive tendencies 484/494/49.5% 596/353/62.8% 605/305/66.5% z = 7.566, p < 0.001
Paranoid ideation 274/704/28.0% 272/677/28.7% 257/653/28.2% z = 0.115, p = 0.909
Hostility 257/721/26.3% 265/684/27.9% 247/663/27.1% z = 0.437, p = 0.662
Interpersonal sensitivity 305/673/31.2% 326/623/34.4% 332/578/36.5% z = 2.435, p = 0.015
Depression 254/724/26.0% 294/655/31.0% 322/588/35.4% z = 4.437, p < 0.001
Anxiety 354/624/36.2% 367/582/38.7% 396/514/43.5% z = 3.241, p = 0.001
Academic stress 348/630/35.6% 362/587/38.2% 392/518/43.1% z = 3.326, p < 0.001
Maladaptation 209/769/21.4% 235/714/24.8% 224/686/24.6% z = 1.683, p = 0.092
Emotional disturbance 338/640/34.6% 350/599/36.9% 370/540/40.7% z = 2.731, p = 0.006
Psychological imbalance 167/811/17.1% 168/781/17.7% 184/726/20.2% z = 1.753, p = 0.080