Table 1.
Sample characteristics of the participants surveyed in each wave.
|
Wave 1 (September 2016,
n = 978) |
Wave 2 (September 2019,
n = 949) |
Wave 3 (September 2020,
n = 910) |
Statistics | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male/female) | 544/434 | 503/446 | 481/429 | χ2 = 1.873, p = 0.392 |
| Age (years) | Unavailable | 12.027 ± 0.432 | Unavailable | / |
| MMHI-60 results (positive/negative/positive rate) | ||||
| Obsessive–compulsive tendencies | 484/494/49.5% | 596/353/62.8% | 605/305/66.5% | z = 7.566, p < 0.001 |
| Paranoid ideation | 274/704/28.0% | 272/677/28.7% | 257/653/28.2% | z = 0.115, p = 0.909 |
| Hostility | 257/721/26.3% | 265/684/27.9% | 247/663/27.1% | z = 0.437, p = 0.662 |
| Interpersonal sensitivity | 305/673/31.2% | 326/623/34.4% | 332/578/36.5% | z = 2.435, p = 0.015 |
| Depression | 254/724/26.0% | 294/655/31.0% | 322/588/35.4% | z = 4.437, p < 0.001 |
| Anxiety | 354/624/36.2% | 367/582/38.7% | 396/514/43.5% | z = 3.241, p = 0.001 |
| Academic stress | 348/630/35.6% | 362/587/38.2% | 392/518/43.1% | z = 3.326, p < 0.001 |
| Maladaptation | 209/769/21.4% | 235/714/24.8% | 224/686/24.6% | z = 1.683, p = 0.092 |
| Emotional disturbance | 338/640/34.6% | 350/599/36.9% | 370/540/40.7% | z = 2.731, p = 0.006 |
| Psychological imbalance | 167/811/17.1% | 168/781/17.7% | 184/726/20.2% | z = 1.753, p = 0.080 |