Table 1.

Study Characteristics of the Included Investigations.

Study	Year	Study design	Sample size (n)	Follow up	Predictors of failure	Outcome parameter	Level of evidence
Lee et al. 7	2012	Prospective	259	1-year	Patient age >78.5 years	pain relief	2
					t score <−2.95
					BMI >25.5 kg/m2
					Final height loss >28.5%
Zhang et al. 8	2019	Retrospective	173	>6 months	Patient age >73.5 years	Pain relief	3
					BMI >23.65 kg/m2	Bed-rest related com-plications
					BMD −3.45
					Modified frailty index 2.5
Shah et al. 9	2016	Prospective	30	9 months	Patient age	Neurologic compromise	2
					Higher kyphotic angle	Vertebral collapse
						Pain relief
Goldstein et al. 10	2016	Retrospective	153	15 months	Patient age		3
					Final height loss
					Kyphotic angle differences
Hoshino et al. 11	2013	Prospective	362	6 months	Middle column injury		2
					Female sex
					Patient age
					Previous use of steroids
					Low mini-mental state
Park et al. 12	2018	Retrospective	60		Initial kyphotic angle	Neurologic compromise	3
					Initial height loss
					Intravertebral cleft
					Posterior wall involvement
					Midportion type (MRI)
					Thoracolumbar level
					Aortic calcification
Hayashi et al. 13	2016	Prospective	36		Morphology of the injured posterior wall	Neurologic compromise	2
Tsujio et al. 14	2011	Prospective	350	6 months	Thoracolumbar spine	Non-union	2
					Middle-column injury
					Confined high intensity in T2-weighted MRI
					Diffuse low intensity in T2-weighted MRI
Ito et al. 15	2002	Retrospective	28		Intravertebral cleft	Neurologic compromise	3
						Vertebral collapse
Sugita et al. 16	2005	Retrospective	73	23.4 months	Intravertebral cleft	Pain	3
					Swelled-front type	Vertebral collapse
					Bow-shaped type
					Projecting type
Seao et al. 17	2017	Retrospective	97	>12 months	Involvement of both endplates	Vertebral collapse	3
					Diffuse signal change in T1-weighted MRI	Neurologic compromise
Patil et al. 18	2014	Retrospective	64	27.5 months	Involvement of superior endplate	Kyphotic deformity	3
					Anterior cortical wall fracture
					Adjacent fracture
Ha et al. 19	2013	Prospective	75	6 months	>15% increase in height loss	Vertebral collapse	2
					>10° increase in kyphotic angle	Pain
					Midportion type fracture
					Involvement of posterior wall
Nakamae et al. 20	2017	Prospective	217		Vertebral instability	Neurological deficit	2
						Pain
Wakao et al. 22	2018	Prospective	30	>12 months	Changes of kyphotic angle	Need for surgery	2
					Mobility of collapsed vertebrae
					EuroQol questionnaires
					Numerical rating scale
Cho et al. 21	2013	Prospective	62		Prone cross-table lateral radiographs	IVC	2
Smorgick et al. 22	2020	Retrospective	124	14 months	Spinopelvic configuration	Height loss	3
Iwata et al. 24	2016	Prospective	48	6 months	Global spinal malalignment	Non-union	2
Ohnishi et al. 25	2018	Retrospective	46		Ventralization of C7 plumb line	Vertebral collapse	3
Kanchiku et al. 27	2014	Retrospective	109	6 months	Total type fracture in T1-weighted MRI	Vertebral collapse	3
					Wide type fracture in T2-weighted MRI	Non-union
						Neurologic deficit
Omi et al. 32	2014	Prospective	63		STIR sequence	Non-union	2
						Kyphosis
						Back pain
Kataoka et al. 28	2017	Prospective	69	4 weeks	Early physical activity	Pain	2
Ha et al. 29	2016	Prospective	105	3 months	Use of bisphosphonate	Inter-vertebral cleft	2
Fujimoto et al. 30	2017	Retrospective	411		Termination level of conus medullaris	Neurologic deficit	3