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. 2022 Mar 10;77:103920. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103920

Figure 2.

Fig 2

A schematic overview of the pathological characteristics and potential of MSCs for treating COVID-19. (1) During the acute phase, SARS-CoV-2 infection induces an inflammatory hyper-response and pulmonary tissue damage, which may lead to the partial fibrosis of lung tissues. (2) Immunomodulatory effects of MSCs contribute to reducing inflammation. (3) MSCs promote proliferation of alveolar epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells and reduce their apoptosis. (4) MSCs contribute to decreasing collagen deposition and inhibiting epithelial–mesenchymal transformation.