Figure 1. Measurement sequences for the validation of BPM devices. (A) Measurement sequence according to the Universal AAMI/ESH/ISO Standard for the validation¹⁶⁾ of cuff-based BP measurement devices, started by entry measurements with the reference method and the test device, directly followed by the validation measurement set. (B) The proposal for a validation procedure for PPG Apps needs an initial calibration to the reference method. After a first calibration set, validations are set at different time points covering one calibration’s recommended time frame.

Source of illustrations: Shutterstock.com (Zern Liew; marina_ua; Victor Metelskiy).

AAMI/ESH/ISO = Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation/European Society of Hypertension/International Organization for Standardization; App = application; BP = blood pressure; BPM = blood pressure measurement; PPG = photoplethysmographic.