Table 2.
Compliance with dietary recommendations by sex in the population under study: students of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), EHU12/24 study
(Mean values and standard deviations, percentages)
| Total (n 26 165) | Men (n 10 607) | Women (n 15 558) | P * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean or % | Mean or % | Mean or % | ||
| No. of EO daily, % | ||||
| Adequate | 50·1 | 50·5 | 49·8 | |
| Barely adequate | 48·9 | 48·3 | 49·3 | |
| Inadequate | 1·0 | 1·1 | 0·9 | 0·04 |
| Interval between meals, % | ||||
| Adequate | 41·0 | 41·4 | 40·6 | |
| Barely adequate | 46·6 | 45·4 | 47·4 | |
| Inadequate | 12·4 | 13·2 | 12·0 | 0·001 |
| Breakfast skipping, % | ||||
| Never | 90·7 | 91·9 | 89·9 | |
| Sometimes | 5·2 | 5·7 | 4·9 | |
| Daily or almost daily | 4·0 | 2·4 | 5·1 | <0·001 |
| Eating breakfast alone v. with others, % | ||||
| With others | 22·5 | 14·3 | 28·0 | |
| Depending on the occasion | 16·4 | 13·5 | 18·3 | |
| Always alone | 61·2 | 72·2 | 53·7 | <0·001 |
| Eating lunch alone v. with others, % | ||||
| With others | 65·5 | 62·9 | 67·4 | |
| Depending on the occasion | 16·9 | 13·7 | 19·1 | |
| Always alone | 17·6 | 23·5 | 13·5 | <0·001 |
| Eating dinner alone v. with others, % | ||||
| With others | 76·1 | 71·9 | 79·0 | |
| Depending on the occasion | 12·0 | 14·2 | 10·4 | |
| Always alone | 11·9 | 13·9 | 10·5 | <0·001 |
| Breakfast duration, classification, % | ||||
| Adequate | 40·3 | 38·2 | 41·9 | |
| Barely adequate | 39·7 | 38·4 | 40·6 | |
| Inadequate | 20·0 | 23·5 | 17·5 | <0·001 |
| Lunch/dinner duration, classification, % | ||||
| Adequate | 42·2 | 35·4 | 46·9 | |
| Barely adequate | 55·6 | 62·0 | 51·3 | |
| Inadequate | 2·2 | 2·6 | 1·9 | <0·001 |
| HEI-2010, classification, %† | ||||
| Good | 24·6 | 19·4 | 28·2 | |
| Needs improvement | 75·4 | 80·6 | 71·8 | <0·001 |
| MDS, classification, % | ||||
| High adherence | 43·5 | 37·1 | 47·9 | |
| Intermediate adherence | 56·4 | 62·7 | 52·1 | |
| Low adherence | 0·1 | 0·2 | – | <0·001 |
| Meal pattern score‡ (0–8 points) | <0·001 | |||
| Mean | 5·5 | 5·3 | 5·6 | |
| sd | 1·2 | 1·2 | 1·2 | |
| Diet total score§ (0–31 points) | <0·001 | |||
| Mean | 20·8 | 20·0 | 21·4 | |
| sd | 4·7 | 4·4 | 4·8 |
EO, eating occasions; No., number; HEI-2010, Healthy Eating Index; MDS, MedDietScore.
*
Sex differences.
†
None of the participants was classified as poor (<51 points).
‡
Meal pattern score included the following variables: no. of EO daily, interval between meals, breakfast skipping, time spent on breakfast and time spent on meals.
§
Diet total score: meal pattern score + HEI-2010 + MDS.