Table 2.

Distribution of adherence to the individual recommendations of the adapted World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) Cancer Prevention Recommendations between breast cancer cases and controls, using population-based tertiles (33rd and 66th percentiles)

(Numbers and percentages)

2018 WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendation	Operationalisation	Score contribution	Controls (n 396)		Cases (n 396)		P
			n	%	n	%
1. Be a healthy weight*	BMI: ≤ 28·6 kg/m2	0·5	131	33·1	143	36·5
	28·6 kg/m2 < BMI < 34·7 kg/m2	0·25	131	33·1	125	31·9	0·669
	BMI: >34·7 kg/m2	0	134	33·8	128	31·6
2. Be a healthy weight*	Waist circumference: ≤ 92 cm	0·5	139	35·1	167	42·2
	92 cm < Waist circumference <102 cm	0·25	130	32·8	130	32·8	0·049
	Waist circumference: ≥ 102 cm	0	127	32·1	99	25·0
2. Be physically active	Moderate or vigorous PA ≥ 51 min/week	1	150	37·9	173	44
	20 min/week < Moderate or vigorous PA < 51 min/week	0·5	97	24·5	65	16·4	0·100
	Moderate or vigorous PA ≤ 20 min/week	0	149	37·6	158	39·9
3. Eat a diet rich in wholegrains, vegetables, fruit and beans†	Fruits and vegetables ≥ 543 g/d	0·5	131	33·1	152	38·4
	169 g ≤ Fruits and vegetables <543 g/d	0·25	134	33·8	85	21·5	<0·001
	Fruits and vegetables <169 g/d	0	131	33·1	159	40·2
3. Eat a diet rich in wholegrains, vegetables, fruit and beans†	Dietary fibre ≥ 27·1 g/d	0·5	152	38·4	147	37·1
	19·1 g ≤ Dietary fibre <27·1 g/d	0·25	92	23·2	103	26·0	0·955
	Dietary fibre <19·1 g/d	0	152	38·4	146	36·9
4. Limit consumption of ‘fast foods’ and other processed foods high in fat, refined starches or sugars	Total kJ from UPF ≤ 20·1 % of TEI	1	133	33·6	152	38·4
	20·1 % <Total kJ from UPF ≥ 50·1 % of TEI	0·5	129	32·6	156	39·4	0·001
	Total kJ from UPF >50·1 % of TEI	0	134	33·8	88	22·2
5. Limit consumption of red and processed meat	Red meat ≤ 60 g/week and processed meat ≤ 8·6 g/d	1	58	14·6	92	23·2
	60 g/week < Red meat and ≤ 317 g/week and 8·6 g/d < processed meat and ≤ 51·4 g/d	0·5	236	59·6	247	62·4	<0·001
	Red meat > 317 g/week and processed meat > 51·4 g/d	0	102	25·8	57	14·4
6. Limit consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks	Sugary drinks: ≤59 g/d	1	131	33·1	133	33·6
	59 g/d < Sugary drinks < 200 g/d	0·5	141	35	147	37·1	0·521
	Sugary drinks ≥ 200 g/d	0	124	31	116	29·3
7. Limit alcohol consumption	Ethanol intake 0 g/d	1	321	81·1	350	88·4
	0 g/d < Ethanol intake ≤ 4·6 g/d	0·5	41	10·4	25	6·3	0·017
	Ethanol intake > 4·6 g/d	0	34	8·5	21	5·3
8. Do not rely on supplements for cancer prevention	Not applicable to this population
9. For mothers: breast-feed your baby, if you can‡	Cumulative breast-feeding ≥ 48 months	1	120	31·8	138	36·1
	22 months < Cumulative breast-feeding < 48 months	0·5	118	31·3	117	30·6	0·761
	Cumulative breast-feeding ≤ 22 months	0	139	36·9	127	33·3
10. After a cancer diagnosis: follow our recommendations, if you can	Not applicable to this population

PA, physical activity; UPF, ultraprocessed food.

^*Adherence to the recommendation ‘Be a healthy weight’ is measured by two subgroups, BMI and waist circumference.

^†Adherence to the recommendation ‘Eat a diet rich in wholegrains, vegetables, fruit and beans’ is measured by two subgroups, fruit and vegetable intake and daily fibre intake.

^‡Recommendation only applied to parous women (case n 382; controls n 377).