Table 3.

Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals^a) for smokeless tobacco use initiation outcomes (2013–2017) in PATH young adults

Crude hazard ratios	Ever	Past 30-day	Fairly regular
Sex
Female	1	1	1
Male	5.12 (1.05–25.0)	6.19 (4.02–9.53)	10.33 (4.43–24.12)
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	1	1	1
Hispanic	0.76 (0.57–1.03)	0.88 (0.57–1.33)	0.76 (0.38–1.49)
Non–Hispanic Black	0.42 (0.27–0.65)	0.52 (0.30–0.90)	0.45 (0.21–0.96)
Non-Hispanic Otherb	0.57 (0.33–0.97)	0.71 (0.38–1.31)	0.78 (0.32–1.91)
Previous ever use of other tobacco productsc
Cigarettes	1.99 (1.44–2.75)	1.57 (1.05–2.33)	2.53 (1.48–4.33)
E-cigarettes	2.25 (1.65–3.05)	1.93 (1.30–2.87)	2.09 (1.28–3.42)
Cigarillos	2.68 (2.03–3.54)	2.29 (1.62–3.23)	2.31 (1.53–3.49)
Traditional cigars	2.35 (1.79–3.07)	1.99 (1.44–2.77)	2.46 (1.62–3.74)
Filtered cigars	2.27 (1.71–3.03)	2.07 (1.43–2.99)	2.29 (1.37–3.85)
Hookah	1.54 (1.20–1.99)	1.31 (0.96–1.79)	1.28 (0.82–2.00)
Adjusted hazard ratios
Sex
Female	1	1	1
Male	4.77 (3.42–6.65)	5.83 (3.76–9.04)	9.81 (4.10–23.45)
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	1	1	1
Adjusted hazard ratios	Ever	Past 30-day	Fairly regular
Hispanic	0.67 (0.49–0.90)	0.77 (0.50–1.18)	0.64 (0.33–1.23)
Non-Hispanic Black	0.35 (0.22–0.54)	0.44 (0.25–0.77)	0.41 (0.19–0.87)
Non-Hispanic Otherb	0.57 (0.33–0.97)	0.68 (0.37–1.26)	0.75 (0.29–1.91)
Previous ever use of other tobacco productsc
Cigarettes	1.11 (0.75–1.66)	0.90 (0.52–1.56)	2.02 (0.87–4.69)
E-cigarettes	1.51 (1.04–2.19)	1.48 (0.90–2.44)	1.34 (0.73–2.46)
Cigarillos	1.81 (1.23–2.65)	1.87 (1.21–2.88)	1.22 (0.69–2.18)
Traditional cigars	0.98 (0.68–1.42)	0.87 (0.58–1.30)	1.10 (0.59–2.04)
Filtered cigars	1.28 (0.92–1.77)	1.32 (0.90–1.92)	1.32 (0.75–2.33)
Hookah	0.89 (0.67–1.17)	0.82 (0.58–1.17)	0.66 (0.39–1.12)

^aTurnbull 95% confidence interval.

^bNon-Hispanic Other includes Asian, multi-race, etc.

^cThe reference category for each of the tobacco products previously used before SLT initiation is ‘no’.