Table 1.

Cases overview.

	Case #1	Case #2	Case #3	Case #4	Case #5
Age (years)	81	63	54	49	27
Sex	Male	Woman	Woman	Man	Woman
Pre-existing neurological illness	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent	Absent
Pre-existing history of autoimmune disease	Absent	Absent	Yes; ITP	Absent	Absent
Vaccine	Moderna (mRNA-1,273)	Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2)	Moderna (mRNA-1,273)	Moderna (mRNA-1,273)	Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2)
Onset relative to vaccine dose	13 days after 1st dose	7 days after 1st dose	3 days after 2nd dose	4 days after 2nd dose	6 days after 1st dose
New neurological symptoms	Severe confusion	Weakness, urinary retention	Ascending numbness	Diplopia, unsteady gait, numbness	Confusion, anxiety, headache
CSF WBC count (cells/uL) (ref 0–5 cells/uL)	3, 11, 69	33	26	41, 3∧	19
CSF Protein count (mg/dL) (ref 15–45mg/dL)	45, 52, 45	57	71	125, 166	43
Brain involvement	Brainstem, Thalamus	Thalamus	Spared	Diffuse	Spared
Spinal cord involvement	Unknown	LETM; thoracic; central	LETM; thoracic; central	Multifocal; short segment; cervical	Unknown
Anti-AQP4 CSF ab	Negative	Positive	Negative	Unknown	Unknown
Anti-AQP4 serum ab	Negative	Negative, positive	Positive	Negative	Unknown
Anti-MOG CSF ab	Negative	Negative	Negative	Negative	Unknown
Anti-MOG Serum ab	Unknown	Negative	Unknown	Negative	Unknown
Treatment (No. of days)	IVMP (7), IVIG (5), PLEX (4)	IVMP (5), PLEX (7)	IVMP (5)	IVMP (5)	IVMP (5)
Response to treatment	Expired on hospital day 26	Improvement	Improvement	Improvement	Improvement
Final diagnosis	ADEM	NMOSD (new onset)	NMOSD (new onset)	Fulminant MS (new onset)	Meningoencephalitis of immune orgin

LETM, Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis; AQP4, Aquaporin-4; MOG, Myelin Oligodendroglycoprotein; IVMP, intravenous Methylprednisolone; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulins; PLEX, plasmapheresis. ^∧CSF study performed at 5-month follow-up.