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. 2022 Feb;10(4):204. doi: 10.21037/atm-22-6

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2022 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

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Changes in the expression of ER stress-related genes in PDLSCs after D-glucose stimulation at different concentrations. The mRNA expression of GRP78 (A), ATF6 (B), PERK (C), and XBP1 (D) in PDLSCs after stimulation with different concentrations of D-glucose. *, P<0.05, **, P<0.01, ***, P<0.001 compared with the 5.6 mM D-glucose (control) group at the same time point. ^#, P<0.05, ^###, P<0.001 compared with 6 hours after stimulation with the same D-glucose concentration. ER, endoplasmic reticulum; PDLSCs, periodontal ligament stem cells; mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid; GRP78, glucose regulated protein 78; ATF6, activating transcription factor 6; PERK, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) like endoplasmic reticulum kinase; XBP1, X box-binding protein 1.