Table 3.
Computerized clinical decision support (CCDS) characteristics.
| CCDS characteristic | Studies, n (%a) | Total (N=124), n (%a) | |||||
|
|
Conference abstract (n=54) | Journal article (n=65) | Thesis (n=5) |
|
|||
| CCDS type | |||||||
|
|
Homegrown | 18 (33.3) | 44 (67.7) | 2 (40) | 64 (51.6) | ||
|
|
Commercial | 3 (5.6) | 10 (15.4) | 0 (0) | 13 (10.5) | ||
|
|
|
St John sepsis (Cerner Corporation, Kansas City, Missouri, United States) | 2 (3.7) | 7 (10.7) | 0 (0) | 9 (7.3) | |
|
|
|
PREDEC ALARM (Löser Medizintechnik GmbH, Leipzig, Germany) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) | |
|
|
|
Unspecified | 1 (1.9) | 2 (3.1) | 0 (0) | 3 (2.4) | |
|
|
Unspecified | 33 (61.1) | 11 (16.9) | 3 (60) | 47 (37.9) | ||
| Silent or live? | |||||||
|
|
Live | 41 (75.8) | 49 (75.4) | 5 (100) | 95 (76.6) | ||
|
|
Silent | 5 (9.3) | 4 (6.2) | 0 (0) | 9 (7.3) | ||
|
|
Both | 4 (7.4) | 10 (15.4) | 0 (0) | 14 (11.3) | ||
|
|
Unspecified | 4 (7.4) | 2 (3.1) | 0 (0) | 6 (4.8) | ||
| CCDS criteria | |||||||
|
|
SIRSb | 24 (44.4) | 24 (36.9) | 2 (40) | 50 (40.3) | ||
|
|
SIRS + organ dysfunction | 11 (20.4) | 17 (26.2) | 0 (0) | 28 (22.6) | ||
|
|
SIRS + other | 9 (16.7) | 12 (18.5) | 2 (40) | 23 (18.5) | ||
|
|
Other | 17 (31.5) | 23 (35.4) | 0 (0) | 40 (32.3) | ||
|
|
Unspecified | 3 (5.6) | 5 (7.7) | 1 (20) | 9 (7.3) | ||
| Related interventions | |||||||
|
|
Clinical protocol | 16 (29.6) | 34 (52.3) | 2 (40) | 52 (41.9) | ||
|
|
Education and staff resources | 8 (14.8) | 25 (38.5) | 1 (20) | 34 (27.4) | ||
|
|
Electronic or infrastructure changes | 2 (3.7) | 6 (9.2) | 0 (0) | 8 (6.5) | ||
|
|
Response or leadership team | 4 (7.4) | 17 (26.2) | 1 (20) | 22 (17.7) | ||
|
|
Order sets | 10 (18.5) | 17 (26.2) | 0 (0) | 27 (21.8) | ||
|
|
Feedback | 0 (0) | 10 (15.4) | 0 (0) | 10 (8.1) | ||
|
|
None | 32 (59.3) | 22 (33.8) | 2 (40) | 56 (45.2) | ||
| Responding personnel | |||||||
|
|
Nursesc | 12 (22.2) | 38 (58.5) | 1 (20) | 51 (41.1) | ||
|
|
Other clinicians | 11 (20.4) | 26 (40) | 0 (0) | 37 (29.8) | ||
|
|
Response team | 4 (7.4) | 8 (12.3) | 0 (0) | 12 (9.7) | ||
|
|
Study coordinator | 0 (0) | 8 (12.3) | 0 (0) | 8 (6.5) | ||
|
|
Other | 4 (7.4) | 6 (9.2) | 1 (20) | 11 (8.9) | ||
|
|
Unspecified | 27 (50) | 7 (10.8) | 3 (60) | 37 (29.8) | ||
| Alert delivery | |||||||
|
|
Electronic patient record | 6 (11.1) | 27 (41.5) | 0 (0) | 33 (26.6) | ||
|
|
Pager | 4 (7.4) | 20 (30.8) | 2 (40) | 26 (21.0) | ||
|
|
Patient dashboard or working list | 4 (7.4) | 10 (15.4) | 1 (20) | 15 (12.1) | ||
|
|
Other | 1 (1.9) | 6 (9.2) | 1 (20) | 8 (6.5) | ||
|
|
Unspecified | 42 (77.8) | 19 (29.2) | 2 (40) | 63 (50.8) | ||
aAs some studies reported multiple characteristics within each category, there were more than the total number of studies, and therefore, the percentages may add up to more than 100%.
bSIRS: systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
cAs nurses are frequently reported as CCDS system responding personnel, they were grouped separately from other clinicians.