Table 3.
Means (SD) for the NIH Toolbox Flanker, Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) and list sorting working memory tests.
| Yoga group | Control group | Effect size | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Baseline | 3-weeks | 6-weeks | Baseline | 3-weeks | 6-weeks | 6-week gain scores |
| Flanker accuracy, 0–20 | 20.00 (0.00) | 19.94 (0.25) | 19.88 (0.50) | 19.88 (0.34) | 20.00 (0.00) | 19.94 (0.25) | −0.55 |
| Flanker raw reaction time (msec) | 590.00 (170.00) | 560.00 (120.00) | 540.00 (110.00) | 620.00 (190.00) | 600.00 (200.00) | 590.00 (210.00) | 0.11 |
| Flanker reaction time CV | 0.16 (0.07) | 0.17 (0.09) | 0.20 (0.11) | 0.21 (0.09) | 0.21 (0.10) | 0.24 (0.15) | 0.18 |
| Flanker age-adjusted/U.S. norms | 94.31 (18.86) | 96.13 (15.97) | 98.81 (16.12) | 91.13 (19.55) | 95.81 (19.71) | 98.38 (19.75) | −0.15 |
| Flanker scaled score, 0–10 | 8.89 (0.78) | 8.97 (0.58) | 9.06 (0.56) | 8.68 (0.93) | 8.91 (0.83) | 8.94 (0.92) | −0.11 |
| DCCS accuracy, 0–30 | 29.63 (0.50) | 29.81 (0.40) | 29.69 (0.60) | 29.44 (0.89) | 29.19 (0.83) | 29.63 (0.50) | −0.20 |
| DCCS raw reaction time (msec) | 570.00 (150.00) | 540.00 (150.00) | 530.00 (140.00) | 610.00 (190.00) | 600.00 (250.00) | 590.00 (190.00) | 0.06 |
| DCCS reaction time CV | 0.28 (0.08) | 0.24 (0.08) | 0.25 (0.08) | 0.28 (0.08) | 0.37 (0.33) | 0.34 (0.16) | 0.85 |
| DCCS age-adjusted/U.S. norms | 105.00 (16.96) | 107.38 (16.89) | 103.75 (15.37) | 99.31 (17.16) | 105.13 (15.62) | 102.50 (14.37) | −0.28 |
| DCCS scaled score, 0–10 | 9.05 (0.72) | 9.17 (0.76) | 9.05 (0.69) | 8.76 (0.84) | 9.02 (0.72) | 8.97 (0.64) | −0.29 |
| Working memory raw score | 18.81 (2.26) | 20.31 (2.39) | 20.00 (2.56) | 19.88 (2.68) | 20.75 (2.62) | 21.13 (2.16) | 0.02 |
| Working memory age-adjusted U.S. norms | 100.69 (12.03) | 108.06 (11.83) | 106.38 (12.55) | 106.13 (13.51) | 110.06 (12.54) | 112.19 (10.03) | −0.03 |
CV, coefficient of variation.