Table 4.
Means (SD) for questionnaire data, wrist hyperactivity during cognitive tasks, and leg strength data.
| Yoga group ( n =16) | Control group (n = 16) | Effect size | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Baseline | 3-weeks | 6-weeks | Baseline | 3-weeks | 6 weeks | 6-week gain scores |
| Trait anxiety | 47.31 (11.49) | 46.56 (12.29) | 45.00 (12.33) | 44.00 (9.68) | 42.56 (9.11) | 42.69 (8.69) | 0.09 |
| POMS tension | 3.69 (2.96) | 3.69 (3.05) | 2.69 (3.16) | 3.19 (2.88) | 2.88 (2.73) | 3.56 (2.80) | 0.46 |
| POMS depression | 1.63 (2.16) | 1.88 (2.42) | 1.38 (2.47) | 2.06 (2.86) | 1.75 (2.18) | 1.94 (3.36) | 0.05 |
| POMS anger | 1.13 (2.50) | 2.38 (5.03) | 0.94 (2.41) | 0.69 (1.08) | 0.94 (1.06) | 0.69 (1.14) | 0.10 |
| POMS vigor | 6.81 (3.66) | 4.75 (3.99) | 6.13 (4.24) | 6.88 (2.22) | 6.31 (3.03) | 6.56 (3.44) | −0.12 |
| POMS fatigue | 4.94 (4.22) | 4.88 (3.69) | 4.06 (3.86) | 4.94 (3.61) | 7.06 (3.59) | 7.25 (3.80) | 0.82 |
| POMS confusion | 4.50 (3.12) | 4.63 (3.32) | 3.94 (3.42) | 4.44 (1.90) | 4.88 (2.34) | 4.44 (2.13) | 0.20 |
| Mindfulness (trait) | 3.25 (0.59) | 3.25 (0.57) | 3.53 (0.56) | 3.22 (0.68) | 3.17 (0.76) | 3.16 (0.87) | 0.50 |
| Expectations | 32.94 (5.95) | 32.75 (3.80) | 33.69 (4.16) | 32.56 (4.79) | 32.06 (5.14) | 31.25 (7.25) | 0.36 |
| Functional impairment | 2.90 (1.71) | 2.63 (1.62) | 2.43 (1.77) | 3.79 (1.38) | 3.71 (1.89) | 3.26 (1.75) | −0.04 |
| Motivation | 72.88 (19.72) | 72.19 (19.77) | 74.25 (20.71) | 59.38 (20.69) | 54.19 (23.43) | 53.94 (24.61) | 0.32 |
| Mindfulness (state) | 4.22 (1.54) | 3.81 (1.42) | 4.07 (1.28) | 3.43 (1.41) | 3.24 (1.80) | 3.30 (1.33) | 0.01 |
| Wrist hyperactivity (counts/min) | 633.92 (518.86) | 508.91 (447.80) | 620.53 (326.97) | 256.04 (180.99) | 460.36 (298.86) | 571.41 (273.20) | 0.95 |
| Quadriceps strength (N-M) | 82.75 (6.35) | 84.34 (5.85) | 84.43 (4.23) | 86.43 (6.07) | −0.07 | ||
| Hamstring strength (N-M) | 59.44 (3.25) | 61.59 (2.86) | 54.36 (2.91) | 55.56 (2.69) | 0.32 | ||