Table 4. Percentage Difference in Depressive Symptom Scale Scores at 3 to 4 Months After Baseline per Unit Increase in Baseline Prognostic Indicator.
| Baseline variablea | Model 1b | Model 2b | Model 3b | Model 4b | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difference in depressive symptoms, % (95% CI) | Studies, κ | I2, % | Difference in depressive symptoms, % (95% CI) | Studies, κ | I2, % | Difference in depressive symptoms, % (95% CI) | Studies, κ | I2, % | Difference in depressive symptoms, % (95% CI) | Studies, κ | I2, % | |
| Employment status | ||||||||||||
| Employed | 0 [Reference] | NA | NA | 0 [Reference] | NA | NA | 0 [Reference] | NA | NA | 0 [Reference] | NA | NA |
| Not seeking employment | 10.6 (4.2 to 17.5) | 8 | 0 | 8.8 (2.7 to 15.2) | 8 | 0 | 8.9 (2.6 to 15.7) | 8 | 0 | NA | NA | NA |
| Unemployed | 47.3 (38.4 to 56.8) | 8 | 0 | 29.4 (21.7 to 37.6) | 8 | 0 | 27.6 (19.6 to 36.1) | 8 | 1 | NA | NA | NA |
| Financial status | ||||||||||||
| Financial strain (ordinal) | 14.7 (9.1 to 20.6) | 6 | 40 | 5.4 (1.5 to 9.4) | 6 | 0 | 4.6 (0.5 to 8.7) | 6 | 0 | 2.5 (−1.5 to 6.6) | 6 | 0 |
| Doing okay financially | 0 [Reference] | NA | NA | 0 [Reference] | NA | NA | 0 [Reference] | NA | NA | 0 [Reference] | NA | NA |
| Just about getting by | 14.8 (6.4 to 24.0) | 6 | 12 | 4.9 (−2.0 to 12.2) | 6 | 0 | 3.9 (−3.1 to 11.3) | 6 | 0 | 2.8 (−4.1 to 10.1) | 6 | 0 |
| Struggling financially | 30.2 (18.5 to 43.2) | 6 | 30 | 11.3 (3.1 to 20.1) | 6 | 0 | 9.8 (1.3 to 18.9) | 6 | 0 | 5.2 (−3.0 to 14.1) | 6 | 0 |
| Housing status | ||||||||||||
| Homeowner | 0 [Reference] | NA | NA | 0 [Reference] | NA | NA | 0 [Reference] | NA | NA | 0 [Reference] | NA | NA |
| Tenant | 25.8 (18.1 to 34.0) | 7 | 0 | 12.8 (6.2 to 19.9) | 7 | 0 | 13.4 (5.7 to 21.7) | 7 | 9 | 9.5 (2.2 to 17.4) | 7 | 0 |
| Other housing status | 35.0 (16.9 to 56.0) | 7 | 63 | 22.2 (9.0 to 37.1) | 7 | 45 | 22.5 (10.9 to 35.2) | 7 | 0 | 17.6 (6.4 to 30.0) | 7 | 0 |
| Education | ||||||||||||
| Educational attainment (ordinal) | 6.5 (2.1 to 11.1) | 7 | 58 | 3.5 (−0.5 to 7.6) | 7 | 55 | 3.7 (0.1 to 7.5) | 7 | 44 | 1.0 (−3.2 to 5.5) | 7 | 0 |
| Bachelor’s degree or above | 0 [Reference] | NA | NA | 0 [Reference] | NA | NA | 0 [Reference] | NA | NA | 0 [Reference] | NA | NA |
| A-level | 9.6 (1.9 to 17.9) | 7 | 0 | 2.5 (−4.3 to 9.9) | 7 | 0 | 1.8 (−5.1 to 9.2) | 7 | 0 | −0.1 (−6.9 to 7.2) | 7 | 0 |
| GCSE | 11.4 (−0.0 to 24.1) | 7 | 51 | 4.6 (−3.9 to 13.8) | 7 | 29 | 4.7 (−4.0 to 14.1) | 7 | 32 | 1.5 (−6.6 to 10.3) | 7 | 26 |
| No formal qualifications | 25.1 (9.4 to 42.9) | 7 | 45 | 12.2 (0.9 to 24.9) | 7 | 26 | 13.6 (4.1 to 23.9) | 7 | 0 | 6.4 (−2.8 to 16.5) | 7 | 0 |
Abbreviations: GCSE, general certificate of secondary education; NA, not applicable.
Association for ordinal variables is per category increase from first category shown below the variable down to the last (eg, doing okay financially, to just about getting by, to struggling financially). Disorder characteristics were adjusted for baseline depressive symptom severity, average anxiety duration, depression duration, comorbid panic disorder, and history of antidepressant treatment.
Model 1 included each prognostic factor adjusted for random treatment allocation in each study; model 2 included all model 1 variables and added depressive symptom severity, depressive duration, anxiety duration, history of antidepressant treatment, and comorbid panic disorder; model 3 included all model 2 variables and added age, sex, and marital status; and model 4 included all model 3 variables and added employment status.