Table. Study Cohort Characteristics.
| Characteristic | LLD populationa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | LLD | P value | General populationb | Longitudinal populationc | |
| No. | 495 | 501 | 12 518 | 1431 | |
| Age, median (range), y | 66.26 (60.00-91.47) | 67.33 (60.00-91.00) | .34 | 67.23 (60.00-80.00) | 71.88 (60.00-93.00) |
| Sex, No. (%)d | |||||
| Female | 333 (67) | 332 (66) | .78 | 6123 (49) | 666 (47) |
| Male | 162 (33) | 169 (34) | 6395 (51) | 765 (53) | |
| Education, mean (SD), ye | 14.76 (2.68) | 14.87 (2.62) | .55 | 16.90 (2.81) | 16.86 (2.57) |
| Systole, mean (SD), mm Hge | 135.03 (16.83) | 134.75 (16.56) | .52 | 140.97 (18.88) | 124.06 (2.57) |
| Diastole, mean (SD), mm Hge | 75.59 (9.24) | 79.05 (9.15) | .45 | 82.26 (10.45) | 69.93 (11.05) |
| Age at onset, mean (SD), ye | NA | 34.62 (15.70) | NA | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: LLD, late-life depression; NA, not applicable.
More details on the LLD population are presented in eTable 1 and the eMethods in Supplement 1.
For the general population, we included all individuals from UK Biobank 60 years and older (excluding overlapping individuals in the LLD population). Note that this population is cognitively healthy but might have been diagnosed with other general disorders historically.36 More details of the general population are presented in eTable 6 in Supplement 1.
For the longitudinal population, we included all healthy control individuals from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, and Biomarkers for Older Controls at Risk for Dementia data sets who were diagnosed as cognitively healthy at baseline. We present here only baseline information. For more details, refer to eTable 7 in Supplement 1.
χ2 Test of independence was used for categorical variables.
Mann-Whitney U (Wilcoxon) test was used for continuous variables.