Table 1.
Histone modifications in inflammatory diseases.
| Diseases | Target | Modification | Regulators | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atherosclerosis | HDAC1 | Deacetylation | KLF5, miR-224-3p | (6, 7) |
| HDAC3 | Deacetylation | miR-19b | (8) | |
| HDAC4 | Deacetylation | miR-200b-3p | (9) | |
| HDAC6, H3K9 | Deacetylation | NORAD | (10) | |
| SIRT6 | Deacetylation | (11) | ||
| H3K9, H3K27 | Methylation↓ | (12) | ||
| H3K27 | Trimethylation↓ | EZH2 | (13) | |
| Type 2 diabetes | H3K9, H2AK119, | Dimethylation, Acetylation, Ubiquitination↑ | DBP | (14) |
| H2BK120 | Trimethylation↑ | GLUT4 | (15) | |
| Alzheimer’s disease | H3K9 | Deacetylation | Keap1 | (16) |
| HDAC3 | Methylation, Acetylation↑ | amyloid-β42 | (17) | |
| H3K9, H3K27 | ||||
| SIRT1, 3, 6 | Deacetylation↓ | (18) | ||
| H3K4, H3K9 | Trimethylation | (19) | ||
| Psoriasis | H3, H4 | Acetylation↓ | (20) | |
| H3K4 | Methylation↑ | |||
| H3K27 | Trimethylation↑ | EZH2, JMJD3 | (21, 22) | |
| H3K27 | Acetylation↑ | (23) | ||
| Asthma | H3K9, K14, K18, K23, K27, K36, H2B1KK120, B2BK20, BK16, BK20, BK108ac, BK116ac, BK120ac | Acetylation↑ | (24) | |
| H2BK5, H2BK11 | Acetylation↓ | |||
| H3 | Citrullination↑ | (25) | ||
| HDAC4 | Deacetylation↑ | Slug, CXCL12 | (26) | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | H3K4, H3K27 | Methylation, Acetylation↑ | IL6-AS1 | (27) |
| H3K9 | Trimethylation↓ | (28) | ||
| HDAC2 | Deacetylation↓ | (29) | ||
| SIRT1 | Deacetylation↓ | (30) | ||
| Cystic fibrosis lung disease | HDAC6 | Deacetylation | (31) | |
| HDAC7 | Deacetylation | (32) | ||
| Inflammatory bowel disease | H3K27 | Trimethylation | EZH2 | (33) |
| H3K4 | Trimethylation↑ | (34) | ||
| H4K20 | Monomethylation | SETD8 | (35) | |
| H3R8 | Methylation↑ | PRMT2 | (36) | |
| H3K27 | Acetylation | (37) | ||
| H1, H3 | Citrullination | (38) | ||
| SIRT1 | Deacetylation↓ | (39) | ||
| Virus-associated disease | ||||
| SV40 | H3/H4 | Hyperacetylate | P300/CBP | (40, 41) |
| H3K9/H4K20 | Methylation | (42) | ||
| Merkel cell polymavirus | H3K27 | Trimethylation↓ | (43) | |
| H3K27 | Acetylation | P300/CBP | (44) | |
| HPV | H3 | Acetylation↓ | E6 and p300/CBP, TIP60, HDAC1, HDAC2 | (45, 46) |
| H3 | Acetylation↑ | E7 and p300/CBP | (44) | |
| H3 | Methylation ↑ | E6/E7 and EZH2 | (47) | |
| H3 | Methylation↓ | E6/E7 and KDM6A/KDM6B | (48) | |
| HBV | H3/H4 | Acetylation | HBx and p300/CBP, HDAC1, SIRT1 | (49, 50) |
| H3K4/H3K9 | Methylation | HBx and SETDB1, EZH2, SMYD3, | (51, 52) | |
| HDV | H3 | Acetylation | (53) | |
| HCV | H3/H4 | Acetylation | H2AX | (54) |
| H3 | Methylation | KDM5B, LSD1, G9a, EZH2 | (55, 56) | |
| HIV | H3 | Acetylation | CTIP2, HDAC1/2, BRD4 | (57, 58) |
| H3 | Methylation | LSD1, SET1, EZH2 | (57, 59) | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | H3 | Acetylation | NSP5 and HDAC2, SIRT1 | (60, 61) |
| H3K9 | Methylation | |||
| H3 | Citrullination↑ | PAD4 | (62–64) | |
Symbol ↑ represents upregulated，symbol ↓ represents downregulated.