Table 1.
Summary of Included Studies
| 1st author | Year | Design | Population/Setting | Pharmacotherapy | Co-intervention | Number of patients (n)* | Efficacy Outcome(s) | Safety Outcome(s) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Rx. | Control | ||||||||
| Frandsen | 2012 | Randomized trial | IS, TIA In-patient | Free NRT | Intensive behavioral intervention | 94 | 49 | 45 | 6-mo. cessation, self-reported and exhaled CO | None |
| Papadakis | 2011 | Randomized trial† | IS, TIA Clinic | Free NRT, bupropion, varenicline | Behavioral intervention | 28 | 15 | 13 | 6-mo. continuous and 7-day point abstinence (exhaled CO) | None |
| Lee | 2005 | Observational | IS In-patient | NRT, bupropion, varenicline | Intensive behavioral intervention | 157 | 86 | 71 | 1-year sustained and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 mo. point abstinence | None |
| Çelik | 2015 | Observational | Stroke Community | Bupropion, varenicline | Support program | 141 | 141 | N/A | 1-year smoking status | None |
| Carandang | 2011 | Observational | SAH ICU | NRT patch | None | 258 | 87 | 171 | None | Vasospasm‡, DCI, seizures, delirium, 3-month mortality |
| Seder | 2011 | Observational | SAH ICU | NRT patch | None | 234 | 128 | 106 | None | Vasospasm‡, in-hospital mortality, Glasgow Outcome Scale |
| Panos | 2010 | Observational§ | SAH ICU | NRT patch | None | 88 | 56 | 32 | None | Vasospasm |
| Hubbard | 2005 | Observational‖ | Stroke Community | NRT | N/A | 506 | 506 | N/A | None | Recurrent stroke |
Abbreviations: Rx, pharmacotherapy; IS, ischemic stroke; TIA, transient ischemic attack; NRT, nicotine replacement therapy; CO, carbon monoxide; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; ICU, intensive care unit; DCI, delayed cerebral ischemia.
For studies that included patients with and without cerebrovascular disease, the numbers reported here are only for subgroups with cerebrovascular disease.
Randomized patients to a cost-free pharmacotherapy or provision of a prescription for pharmacotherapy. More patients in the cost-free group initiated and complied with pharmacotherapy.
Rates of angiographic and clinical vasospasm were reported.
This study included patients admitted to a neurosurgical ICU. Only data for patients with SAH were included for this systematic review. We assumed that all of the reported occurrences of vasospasm occurred in patients with SAH.
This study evaluated the risk of stroke after NRT prescription; in a secondary analysis, the outcome was recurrent stroke among patients with prior stroke. Only data pertaining to the latter analysis were included here.