Table 2.

Mean (Standard Deviation) and Independent Sample t-test Results for Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Emotion Regulation, and Sleep Measures Across BPD and Healthy Compasison Groups

Measure	BPD	HC	Sig.
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale
Depression	27.41 (11.18)	2.43 (3.47)	**
Anxiety	16.99 (7.98)	1.59 (2.22)	**
Stress	22.26 (9.73)	3.86 (3.45)	**
Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale
Global score	127.73 (21.41)	63.79 (12.96)	**
Nonacceptance	18.97 (6.95)	9.74 (3.69)	**
Goals	20.18 (3.83)	12.57 (4.73)	**
Impulse	22.24 (5.76)	7.84 (1.59)	**
Aware	18.83 (6.07)	12.90 (3.46)	**
Strategies	30.49 (6.6)	12.10 (3.36)	**
Clarity	16.26 (4.52)	8.40 (2.04)	**
Subjective Sleep
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)	10.41 (4.03)	5.27 (2.36)	**
Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)	14.76 (6.64)	4.04 (3.01)	**
Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)	7.44 (4.46)	6.95 (4.31)	n.s.
Objective Sleep
Bedtime (mins)	12:11 AM (89.91)	12:22 AM (58.92)	n.s.
Rise Time (mins)	9:20 AM (89.19)	8:18 AM (65.43)	*
Time in Bed (mins)	548.82 (79.95)	476.25 (43.17)	**
Total Sleep Time (mins)	492.50 (92.20)	431.05 (66.59)	*
Sleep Onset Latency (mins)	7.68 (7.26)	6.04 (8.19)	n.s.
Sleep Efficiency (%)	89.84% (9.98%)	90.24% (10.82%)	n.s.
Wake After Sleep Onset (mins)	45.14 (46.75)	36.16 (39.92)	n.s.
Objective Sleep Variability
Bedtime (SD-mins)	99.68 (55.28)	64.77 (39.84)	*
Rise Time (SD-mins)	98.68 (43.65)	67.89 (27.36)	**
Time in Bed (CV)	0.20 (0.11)	0.18 (0.09)	n.s.
Total Sleep Time (CV)	0.21 (0.10)	0.20 (0.10)	n.s.

Note. BPD Borderline personality disorder. HC Healthy comparison. SD Standard deviation. CV Coefficient of variation. ** = p < .001, * = p < .05, n.s. = non-significant (p > .05). p values represent results of independent samples t-tests between BPD and HC groups