Table 1.

Description and estimation of health care costs

Type of costs		Description and type of costs included	Data sources	Unit costs
Health care system perspective
Emergency department (ED)		− Direct and indirect medical costs − General costs − Opportunity costs (4%) − Security and maintenance (9.7%) − Depreciation costs for buildings (10%)	RAMQ and MED-ECHO medical database Activity reports (AS-471) [51] Rosenheck et al. [53] (opportunity costs) Vasiliadis et al. [3] (security and maintenance) Government of Canada, [54] (depreciation costs)	$399 per visit
Outpatient	Mental health visits - local community service center			$80 per visit + $1417 per patient per year
	Mental health visit - outpatient clinic			$80 per visit + $792 per patient per year
	General medical visits in outpatient settings – not mental health related			$130 per visit
Inpatient	Mental health inpatient stay	− Direct and indirect medical costs − General costs − Opportunity costs (6%) − Security and maintenance (9.7%) − Depreciation costs for buildings (10%)		$485 per diem + $644 per hospitalization
	General inpatient stay			$593 per diem + $644 per hospitalization
	Day surgeries			$1900 per surgery
Physician billing fees		− Physician fees billed to the RAMQ	RAMQ medical database
Medications		− Portion paid by the provincial public drug plan	RAMQ pharmaceutical database
Patient perspective
Psychotherapy sessions in private practice		− Costs paid by patients	ESA-Services questionnaire at baseline and follow-up
Medications		− Portion paid by patients	RAMQ pharmaceutical database
Loss of productivity	ED visit	− 18.4 h for an ED visit	Vasiliadis et al. [14] Stephens and Joubert [63] Le Commissaire de la Santé et du Bien-Être [61] Demers, 2018 [62] (Minimum wage: 10.15$ CAD)	$187 per visit
	Outpatient visit	− 2 h for an outpatient visit		$20 per visit
	Hospitalisation	− 8 h for a day of hospitalisation		$81 per day of hospitalisation