. 2022 Mar 10;22:175. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-03759-9

Table 4.

Three-year total weighted costs ($) associated with adequacy of mental health care in older adults with an anxiety disorder or depression

	Mean cost unadjusted n = 338		Wald χ2	p-value	Mean cost adjusted n = 338^a		Wald χ2	p-value
	Receipt of minimally adequate care				Receipt of minimally adequate care
	Yes	No			Yes	No
*Health system perspective*
Emergency department (ED) visits	1011	610	9.655	0.002	985	528	10.859	0.001
Inpatient
Hospitalization stay – Mental health	2412	1327	6.185	0.013	969	113	36.456	< 0.001
Hospitalization stay – Other diagnoses	3515	3041	0.434	0.510	3712	2330	2.795	0.095
Day surgeries	1208	674	8.060	0.005	886	553	3.575	0.059
Total inpatient	7135	5042	3.702	0.054	6643	4079	5.032	0.025
Outpatient
Outpatient visits – Mental health, local community service center	29	1	1341.819	< 0.001	2	1	50.665	< 0.001
Outpatient visits – Mental health, outpatient clinic	24	7	86.320	< 0.001	12	2	104.651	< 0.001
Outpatient visits – Other diagnoses	1810	1177	20.585	< 0.001	1749	1181	14.383	< 0.001
Total outpatient	1863	1185	25.255	< 0.001	1810	1190	18.172	< 0.001
Medications – paid by the public plan	8038	4869	45.169	< 0.001	6016	4773	9.500	0.002
Physician fees	5187	3803	23.327	< 0.001	4987	3763	17.777	< 0.001
Total cost	23,234	15,509	32.368	< 0.001	20,700	14,948	20.400	< 0.001
*Patient perspective*
Psychotherapies	3	4	3.797	0.051	1	2	3.859	0.049
Lost in productivity
ED visits	474	286	10.962	< 0.001	461	248	12.420	< 0.001
Inpatient stay	790	570	2.895	0.089	696	428	3.624	0.057
Outpatient visits	283	184	24.539	< 0.001	274	185	17.315	< 0.001
Medications – paid by the patient	1733	1599	2.736	0.098	1684	1612	0.711	0.399
Total cost	3283	2643	16.931	< 0.001	3166	2630	11.869	0.001
*Societal perspective*
Total cost	26,517	18,152	32.572	< 0.001	23,888	17,622	20.666	< 0.001
Sensitivity analysis^b
*Societal perspective*
Total cost	26,517	18,152	32.572	< 0.001	19,657	17,031	5.662	0.017

Significant results are in bold (p < 0.05)

^aAdjusted for: age, education, social and material deprivation indexes, cognitive functioning, number of chronic diseases, psychological distress, health-related quality of life and the number of days alive during the study period

^bFurther adjusted for societal costs incurred during the three years preceding the baseline interview