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. 2022 Mar 10;12:28. doi: 10.1186/s13578-022-00768-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6. — 2SMR estimates of the causality between GANC target and AD. a Scatter plot. The slope of the line corresponds to a causal estimate using each of the four different methods. b Funnel plot. The vertical line shows a causal estimate using all SNPs combined into a single instrument for each of two different methods. c Forest plot. Each black dot represents the MR estimate of each SNP using the wald ratio, and the horizontal line represents the 95% CI. The red points show a combined causal estimate using all SNPs in a single instrument, including the 2SMR estimates of IVW and MR-Egger