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. 2022 Mar 10;14:29. doi: 10.1186/s13073-022-01015-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Changes in gut microbiome composition following 6-month dietary interventions. A Study design, adherence rate, and total sample count by category. B PCoA of all samples by group and time. The Green-MED group had undergone the most prominent compositional shift, with a significant interaction between group and time. P values denote the significance level of time-group interaction terms with all three groups (bold) and group-pair combinations by leave-one-out analysis (PERMANOVA). C, D Heatmap of changes in genus-level bacteria (C) and KEGG metabolizing modules (D) by lifestyle intervention group. For each cell, colors indicate the within-group change coefficient by MaAsLin2 between baseline and 6 months. The three dietary arms lead to distinct changes in patterns across genera and microbial metabolic pathways