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. 2022 Mar 10;14:29. doi: 10.1186/s13073-022-01015-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — MED diets’ effects on microbial genera and metabolic pathways. A Heatmap of changes in genus-level bacteria by lifestyle intervention group, for taxa with significant time*group interaction. For each cell, colors indicate the within-group change coefficient over time and asterisks denote significance. Black-White annotations on the left denote the significance of between-group change difference (by MaAsLin2 time*group interaction). B Green-MED was distinguished by several changes, including an increase in Prevotella abundance and a decrease in Bifidobacterium. C Heatmap of changes in metabolism-related KEGG modules by lifestyle intervention group, for pathways with significant time*group interaction. For each cell, colors indicate the within-group change coefficient over time and asterisks denote significance. Black-white annotations on the left denote the significance of between-group change difference (by MaAsLin2 time*group interaction). Colors on the left denote the metabolism category. D The Green-MED diet was associated with increased BCAA degradation pathways and decreased BCAA biosynthesis. ****FDR < 0.001, ***FDR < 0.01, **FDR < 0.05, *FDR < 0.25