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. 2022 Mar 10;14:29. doi: 10.1186/s13073-022-01015-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Six-month changes in cardiometabolic markers and their associations with changes in global microbiome composition. Left: Forest plot of percent change in cardiometabolic health markers following 6 months of dietary intervention across groups. Significant changes in biomarkers are shown (FDR-corrected P Kendell tau < 0.25). Right: Associations between changes in the corresponding biomarker on the left and composition change (log2 fold change of all ASVs) by performing PERMANOVA test on a Euclidean distance matrix. The Green-MED diet improved cardiometabolic health, with changes in a subset of biomarkers, including body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, and glycemic profile, being associated with microbiome compositional shift. ****FDR < 0.001, ***FDR < 0.01, **FDR < 0.05, *FDR < 0.25. FRS, Framingham Risk Score; GGT, gamma glutamyl transferase; SBP/DBP, systolic/diastolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; HDG, healthy dietary guidance; HDLc, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homoeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; LDLc, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MED, Mediterranean; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides