Table 3.
Univariate and Multivariable Analysis of Neonatal Outcomes by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Status
| Neonatal Outcomes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Total |
No GDM N (%) or mean (SD) a |
GDM N (%) or mean (SD) a |
Odds Ratio or beta coefficient (Unadjusted) (95% CI) |
Odds Ratio or beta coefficient (Adjusted) (95% CI) |
| Large for gestational age | 434 | 337/4060 (8.3%) | 97/903 (10.7%) | 1.33 (1.05-1.69) | 1.14 (0.89-1.46)c |
| Macrosomia | 188 | 142/4060 (3.5%) | 46/903 (5.1%) | 1.48 (1.05-2.08) | 1.22 (0.86-1.72)c |
| Small for gestational age | 273 | 223/4060 (5.5%) | 50/903 (5.5%) | 1.01 (0.74-1.38) | 1.08 (0.78-1.50)c |
| Birthweight (g) | 3211 (444.19) a | 3198 (478.62) a | -12.97 b (-45.47 to 19.53) | -7.81 b (-36.99 to 21.37) d | |
| Birthweight z-score | 0.087 (0.86) a | 0.158 (0.91) a | 0.071 b (0.01 to 0.13) | 0.017 b (-0.044 to 0.079) c | |
| Preterm birth | 428 | 326/4062 (8.0%) | 102/908 (11.2%) | 1.45 (1.15- 1.83) | 1.40 (1.09-1.78) e |
| Adverse neonatal outcome | 296 | 233/4062 (5.7%) | 63/908 (6.9%) | 1.23 (0.92-1.63) | 1.05 (0.78-1.42) f |
| NICU admission | 269 | 211/4062 (5.2%) | 58/908 (6.4%) | 1.25 (0.92-1.68) | 1.19 (0.87-1.61) g |
GDM (diagnosis of) Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; Univariate and multivariable logistic and linear regression reporting Odds Ratios and beta-coefficients with 95% confidence intervals, respectively, for association of GDM with neonatal outcomes.
a Mean (standard deviation)
b Beta-coefficient
c Adjusted for: age, BMI, gestational weight gain, socioeconomic status, parity
d Adjusted for: age, BMI, gestational weight gain, socioeconomic status, parity, gestational age at birth, newborn sex
e Adjusted for: age, BMI, socioeconomic status, parity, history of preterm
f Adjusted for: age, BMI, socioeconomic status, gestational age at birth
g Adjusted for: age BMI parity, socioeconomic status