Table 2.
Mean shadowing errors (with standard errors of the means in parentheses) of each quartile for operation span scores, running span scores, and both measures combined into average z-scores one position before the name was presented in the irrelevant channel, concurrently with the presentation, and one, two, and three positions after the name.
| Measure | Position | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| name −1 | name | name +1 | name +2 | name +3 | |
| Operation Span Scores | |||||
| Q1 | 0.14 (0.08) | 0.29 (0.10) | 0.38 (0.11) | 0.33 (0.11) | 0.14 (0.08) |
| Q2 | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.16 (0.09) | 0.16 (0.09) | 0.11 (0.07) | 0.21 (0.10) |
| Q3 | 0.08 (0.05) | 0.19 (0.08) | 0.23 (0.08) | 0.12 (0.06) | 0.00 (0.00) |
| Q4 | 0.07 (0.07) | 0.07 (0.07) | 0.21 (0.11) | 0.07 (0.07) | 0.07 (0.07) |
| Running Span Scores | |||||
| Q1 | 0.18 (0.08) | 0.36 (0.11) | 0.23 (0.09) | 0.32 (0.10) | 0.14 (0.08) |
| Q2 | 0.06 (0.06) | 0.22 (0.10) | 0.44 (0.12) | 0.11 (0.08) | 0.06 (0.06) |
| Q3 | 0.05 (0.05) | 0.10 (0.07) | 0.19 (0.09) | 0.14 (0.08) | 0.05 (0.05) |
| Q4 | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.06 (0.06) | 0.17 (0.09) | 0.06 (0.06) | 0.17 (0.09) |
| Combined Normalized Scores | |||||
| Q1 | 0.11 (0.07) | 0.37 (0.11) | 0.26 (0.10) | 0.37 (0.11) | 0.05 (0.05) |
| Q2 | 0.10 (0.07) | 0.14 (0.08) | 0.33 (0.11) | 0.14 (0.08) | 0.19 (0.09) |
| Q3 | 0.10 (0.07) | 0.20 (0.09) | 0.30 (0.11) | 0.10 (0.07) | 0.10 (0.07) |
| Q4 | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.05 (0.05) | 0.11 (0.07) | 0.05 (0.05) | 0.05 (0.05) |