Table 3. Association between SPARE-BAA and cognitive function.

Analysis type	Stroop test				RAVLT long delay recall				DSST
	Coefficient (95% CI)	p	Adj.p1	n	Coefficient (95% CI)	p	Adj.p1	n	Coefficient (95% CI)	p	Adj.p1	n
Cross-sectional analyses2 (Y25 SPARE-BAA vs. Y25 Cognition)	0.043 (-0.054, 0.141)	0.382	0.382	704	-0.036 (-0.068,-0.005)	0.024	0.037	704	-0.229 (-0.378,-0.080)	0.003	0.008	707
Cross-sectional analyses2 (Y30 SPARE- BAA vs. Y30 Cognition)	0.283 (0.158,0.408)	<0.001	<0.001	615	-0.042 (-0.078,-0.007)	0.021	0.021	620	-0.448 (-0.609,-0.287)	<0.001	<0.001	623
Prospective analyses2 (Y25 SPARE- BAA vs. Y30 Cognition)	0.151 (0.022,0.279)	0.022	0.033	630	-0.031 (-0.067, 0.004)	0.086	0.086	641	-0.274 (-0.438,-0.111)	0.001	0.003	644
Mixed-effects model3	0.144 (0.059,0.230)	0.001	0.002	1319	-0.038 (-0.064,-0.012)	0.004	0.004	1324	-0.266 (-0.383,-0.149)	0.000	<0.001	1330
Delta analysis (5-year change in SPARE-BAA vs. 5-year change in cognition)	0.218 (-0.012, 0.448)	0.064	0.193	466	-0.028 (-0.096, 0.041)	0.430	0.644	472	-0.056 (-0.308, 0.196)	0.663	0.663	472

¹BH-FDR adjustment was applied to account for multiple testing for each aging marker across all the cognitive function tests.

²Multiple linear regression models adjusting for age, sex, race, study fields, and education. Beta coefficients indicate changes in cognitive function score by one year greater in SPARE-BAA.

³Mixed-effects model with random intercept incorporating SPARE-BAA at Y25 and Y30, and cognitive function at Y25 and Y30.