Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with dementia.
| Mild Dementia (N = 40) | Moderate Dementia (N = 40) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MMSE score | 23.9 ± 1.6 (24.0) | 14.6 ± 4.1 (15.0) | <0.01 |
| Age (years) | 76.0 ± 6.4 (76.0) | 76.9 ± 6.2 (78.0) | 0.54 |
| Female (n, %) | 26 (65.0%) | 32 (80.0%) | 0.21 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.6 ± 3.8 (24.3) | 23.8 ± 3.9 (23.5) | 0.32 |
| Waist (cm) | 91.9 ± 9.5 (92.3) | 89.5 ± 10.4 (89.0) | 0.29 |
| Male | 91.9 ± 8.3 (92.8) | 90.4 ± 4.9 (90.0) | 0.66 |
| Female | 91.9 ± 10.3 (92.0) | 89.3 ± 11.4 (86.8) | 0.37 |
| Body fat (%) | 28.4 ± 7.5 (29.1) | 30.5 ± 5.4 (30.9) | 0.17 |
| Male | 22.3 ± 6.5 (23.0) | 24.0 ± 3.2 (24.4) | 0.48 |
| Female | 31.8 ± 5.7 (31.8) | 32.1 ± 4.5 (32.2) | 0.80 |
| Obesity (n, %) 1 | 18 (45.0%) | 26 (65.0%) | 0.09 |
| Male | 3 (21.4%) | 4 (50.0%) | 0.34 |
| Female | 15 (57.7%) | 22 (68.8%) | 0.44 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 130.8 ± 17.2 (131.0) | 128.4 ± 17.9 (129.5) | 0.53 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74.1 ± 10.0 (72.5) | 71.9 ± 10.7 (72.0) | 0.34 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 45.0 ± 2.0 (45.0) | 44.0 ± 3.0 (44.0) | 0.16 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 6.4 ± 1.4 (6.1) | 6.7 ± 1.8 (6.1) | 0.84 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.9 ± 0.9 (4.7) | 4.8 ± 1.0 (4.5) | 0.45 |
| GPT (U/L) | 20.3 ± 13.1 (16.5) | 19.1 ± 7.9 (18.5) | 0.71 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 75.1 ± 15.9 (73.4) | 79.6 ± 23.9 (71.6) | 0.64 |
| Education | 0.16 | ||
| None | 4 (10.0%) | 11 (27.5%) | |
| Elementary school | 18 (45.0%) | 15 (37.5%) | |
| Junior high school | 8 (20.0%) | 7 (17.5%) | |
| Senior high school | 7 (17.5%) | 7 (17.5%) | |
| University or above | 3 (7.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Tobacco use | 4 (10.0%) | 6 (15.0%) | 0.74 |
| Alcohol use | 3 (7.5%) | 5 (12.5%) | 0.71 |
| Exercise habit 2 | 26 (65.0%) | 21 (52.5%) | 0.36 |
| Family history of dementia (n, %) | 9 (22.5%) | 5 (12.5%) | 0.57 |
Data was presented as means ± SD (medians). 1 A body fat percentage ≥25% in males and ≥30% in females. 2 Exercise habit was defined as patients with regular exercise at least 3 times a week. BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; GPT, glutamic pyruvic transaminase; SBP, systolic blood pressure.