Table 3.
EV-miRNAs as disease biomarkers for HNSCC.
| EV-miRNA | Cancer Type | Source | Clinical Sample Size | EVs Isolation Method | miRNA Detection Method | Clinical Use | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-21 | LSCC | Serum | LSCC n = 52 Benign laryngeal disease n = 49 |
Precipitation | qRT-PCR | Diagnosis and prognosis | [119] |
| miR-21 | OSCC | Serum | OSCC n = 108 Healthy control n = 108 |
Precipitation | qRT-PCR | Prognosis | [38] |
| miR-196a | HNSCC | Plasma | HNSCC n = 74 Healthy control n = 30 |
Ultracentrifugation | Microarray and qRT-PCR | Prediction of CDDP resistance | [42] |
| miR-941 | LSCC | Serum | LSCC n = 56 Healthy control n = 31 |
Ultracentrifugation and precipitation | Sequencing and qRT-PCR | Diagnosis | [120] |
| 11-miR (ratio) panel | OPSCC | Serum | OPSCC n = 40, GORD n = 20 Healthy control n = 20 |
Precipitation | Microarray | Diagnosis | [121] |
| miR-10a, miR-28, and miR-141 | MSQCC | serum | LSQCC n = 36, HNSCC n = 21, MSQCC n = 12 |
Magnetic beads capturing | Sequencing and qRT-PCR | Diagnosis | [122] |
| miR-491-5p | HNSCC | Plasma | HNSCC n = 73 Healthy control n = 20 |
Precipitation | Nanostring and qRT-PCR | Diagnosis and prognosis | [123] |
| miR-512-3p, miR-412-3p, miR-302b-3p, and miR-517b-3p | OSCC | Saliva | OSCC n = 21 Healthy control n = 11 |
Precipitation | qRT-PCR array and qRT-PCR | Diagnosis | [124] |
| miR-486-5p, miR-486-3p, and miR-10b-5p, | HNSCC | Saliva | HNSCC n = 11 Healthy control n = 9 |
Ultracentrifugation | Sequencing and ddPCR | Diagnosis | [125] |
| miR-24-3p | OSCC | Saliva | HNSCC n = 49 Healthy control n = 14 |
Precipitation | Microarray and qRT-PCR | Diagnosis | [126] |
| miR-134 and miR-200a | OSCC | Saliva | OSCC n = 14 Smoking group n = 17 Healthy control n = 6 |
Ultracentrifugation | qRT-PCR | Diagnosis | [127] |
| miR-7704, miR-21-5p, miR-3960, let-7i-5p, miR-619-5p, and miR-30e-3p | HNSCC | Cell lines | - | Ultracentrifugation | Microarray and qRT-PCR | Prediction of erlotinib resistance | [128] |
| miRNA-365 | OSCC | Cell lines | - | Precipitation | qRT-PCR | Diagnosis | [129] |
| miR-125b-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-200b-3p, and miR-23a-3p | OSCC | Cell lines | - | Precipitation | Microarray and qRT-PCR | Prognosis | [130] |
| 14 miRNAs (HPV+) vs. 19 miRNAs (HPV−) | OPSCC | Cell lines | - | Size exclusion chromatography | Sequencing and qRT-PCR | Diagnosis | [131] |
Abbreviations: CDDP, cisplatin; GORD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; LSCC, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma; LSQCC, lung squamous cell carcinoma; MSQCC, solitary metastatic lung tumor; OPSCC, oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma; OSCC, oral squamous cell carcinoma.