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. 2022 Mar 4;11(5):893. doi: 10.3390/cells11050893

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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PPAR-α/δ-induced commonly modulated genes among hepatic in vitro NASH models are regulated by shared upstream regulators. (A) Top-upstream regulators in PHH, HepaRG, and hSKP-HPC NASH models exposed to elafibranor. (B) Mechanistic networks of hepatic in vitro NASH models exposed to elafibranor with connected SIRT1, PPARGC1A1, and PPARA top upstream regulators. (C) Number of commonly modulated genes induced by elafibranor in PHH-, HepaRG-, and hSKP-HPC NASH models. (A,B): fold change: <−2 or >+2 and Fisher’s Exact Test with p < 0.025; (C) One-way ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni correction vs. control condition (*, ** and ***; p ≤ 0.05, p ≤ 0.01, and p ≤ 0.001) and vs. ‘NASH’ condition ($$$; p ≤ 0.001)].