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. 2022 Feb 22;14(5):1100. doi: 10.3390/cancers14051100

Figure 10.

Figure 10

Molecular mechanisms involved in the effect of triptolide on cancer cells. HMGB1: high mobility group box 1 protein, PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt: protein kinase B, mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin, CD31: platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule, CD105: endoglin, IL-2: interleukin-2, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha, CD16: transmembrane receptor, CD56: neural cell adhesion molecule, LC3B-II: microtubule-associated protein, p62: ubiquitin-binding protein, HKII: hexokinase 2, GSH: glutathione, Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, FAK: focal adhesion kinase, ERK1/2: extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, MDM2: mouse double minute 2 homolog, P70S6K: ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1, XBP1: X-box binding protein 1, Rpb1: DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit, CDK7: cyclin-dependent kinase 7, p44: mitogen-activated protein kinase, ITGB1: integrin beta 1, MMP-2: Matrix metalloproteinase-2, MMP-9: Matrix metalloproteinase-9.