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. 2022 Feb 24;14(5):1167. doi: 10.3390/cancers14051167

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Gastrointestinal organs are susceptible to radiation damage from pancreatic cancer radiotherapy. (a) The duodenal portion of the small intestine, the stomach, and other nearby organs are prone to radiation-induced toxicity, especially the rapidly dividing intestinal cells; (b) Oxygen concentrations (blue wedge) vary between normal tissues and tumors. Pancreatic tumors near the duodenum are especially hypoxic relative to the physioxic environment of the healthy tissue at risk; (c) Nearby normal tissues that would be damaged by CONV-RT would be spared by FLASH-RT, and FLASH-RT would also kill the tumor through the FLASH effect.