| ACAP2 | Arf GAP with coiled coil: ankyrin repeat and PH Domains 2 |
| AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
| Akt | Protein kinase B/serine/threonine kinase |
| AML | Acute myeloid leukemia |
| ARF6 | ADP-ribosylation factor 6 |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate |
| BDNF | Brain-derived neurotrophic factor |
| BMP | Bone morphogenetic protein |
| BMSC | Bone marrow stromal cells |
| CJD | Creutzfeld-Jakob disease |
| CLU | Clusterin |
| CNS | Central nervous system |
| CNTF | Ciliary neurotrophic factor |
| Cx43 | Connexin 43 |
| EGFP | Enhanced green fluorescent protein |
| EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor |
| EHD1 | EH domain containing 1 |
| Eps8 | Epidermal growth factor receptor pathway 8 |
| ER | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| ERp29 | Endoplasmic reticulum protein 29 |
| EV | Extracellular vesicle |
| FGF2 | Fibroblast growth factor 2 |
| GABA | Gamma-aminobutyric acid |
| GAP-43 | Growth associated protein 43 |
| GAPDH | Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| GBM | Glioblastoma |
| GDNF | Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor |
| GDP | Guanosine diphosphate |
| GFP | Green fluorescent protein |
| GGF2 | Glial growth factor 2 |
| GJ | Gap junctions |
| GSC | Glioblastoma stem cells |
| GTPase | Guanosine triphosphatase |
| H2O2 | Hydrogen peroxide |
| HD | Huntington’s disease |
| HIV-1 | Human immunodeficiency virus |
| HMPV | Human metapneumovirus |
| IGF-1 | Insulin-like growth factor 1 |
| LIF | Leukemia inhibitory factor |
| lncRNA | Long non-coding RNA |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
| LST-1 | Leukocytic specific transcript-1 |
| MDM | Monocytes derived macrophages |
| MGMT | O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase |
| MHC | Major histocompatibility complex |
| mHTT | Mutant huntingtin |
| Miro1 | Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 |
| MSC | Mesenchymal stem cell |
| mtDNA | Mitochondrial desoxyribonucleic acid |
| mTOR | Mechanistic target of rapamycin |
| Myo10 | Myosin 10 |
| NGF | Nerve growth factor |
| NOX2 | NADPH oxidase 2 |
| NSG | Non obese diabetic (NOD)-scid gamma |
| PD | Parkinson’s disease |
| PDGF-AA | Platelet derived growth factor-AA |
| PENK | Proenkephalin |
| PI3K | Phosphoinositide 3 kinase |
| PrPSc | Infectious prion |
| RalGPS2 ROS |
Ras-independent guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RalA GTPase Reactive oxygen species |
| TGF-β | Transforming growth factor-β |
| TM | Tumor microtube |
| TMZ | Temozolomide |
| TNFα | Tumor necrosis factor α |
| TNT | Tunneling nanotube |
| Tthy1 | Tweety homolog 1 |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
| WASP | Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein |
| WAVE | WASP-family verprolin-homologous protein |
| Wnt | Wingless and Int1 |
| YB-1 | Y-box binding protein-1 |
| α-syn | α-synuclein |
| βCAMKII | Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II |