Table 3.
Adjusted odds ratio (OR) of the associations between sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics of the tumor, and patient-reported outcomes—anxiety and depression—with probable cognitive impairment, among patients with prostate cancer.
| Variable (Reference Category) | OR (95%CI) | Adjustment |
|---|---|---|
| Age (ref. <68 years) | ||
| ≥68 years | 1.11 (0.71, 1.74) | |
| Education (ref. ≤4 years) | ||
| 5–9 years | 2.49 (1.45, 4.28) | a |
| >9 years | 1.23 (0.68, 2.22) | a |
| Cancer stage (ref. stage I) | ||
| Stage II | 1.21 (0.48, 3.04) | b |
| Stage III | 0.83 (0.28, 2.43) | b |
| Stage IV | 1.04 (0.35, 3.10) | b |
| Comorbidities (ref. none) | ||
| 1 or 2 | 1.47 (0.75, 2.90) | b |
| >2 | 1.73 (0.81, 3.69) | b |
| Previous diagnoses | ||
| Heart disease vs. no heart disease | 0.82 (0.43, 1.56) | b |
| Stroke vs. no stroke | 2.25 (0.78, 6.47) | b |
| Diabetes vs. no diabetes | 1.39 (0.82, 2.36) | b |
| Lung disease vs. no lung disease | 1.87 (0.97, 3.60) | b |
| Psychiatric disorder vs. no psychiatric disorder | 1.34 (0.59, 3.03) | b |
| Neurologic disorder vs. no neurologic disorder | 1.42 (0.38, 5.26) | b |
| HADS classification | ||
| Anxiety vs. no anxiety | 1.54 (0.71, 3.35) | b |
| Depression vs. no depression | 2.51 (0.93, 6.76) | b |
| Proposal of treatment | ||
| ADT +/− chemotherapy vs. other treatments (AS, BqT, RP, RT, RT + ADT) | 1.91 (0.95, 3.87) | b |
ADT, androgen deprivation therapy; AS, active surveillance; BqT, brachytherapy; CI, confidence interval; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; RP, radical prostatectomy; RT, radiotherapy. a, adjusted for age; b, adjusted for age and education