Table 4.
Gaussian regression analysis of the outcomes after the 12th week.
| Parameters | Coefficient | 95% CI | p-Value * |
|---|---|---|---|
| TST score | |||
| Negative scale scores # | 2.39 | −3.06 to 7.84 | 0.372 |
| Positive scale scores # | 0.77 | −8.04 to 7.09 | 0.897 |
| HPA-axis | |||
| Cortisol (ng/mL) | −72.63 | −120.31 to −24.96 | 0.005 ** |
| DHEA-S (ng/mL) | −0.85 | −1.73 to 0.03 | 0.057 |
| Inflammatory cytokines | |||
| IL-10 (ng/mL) | −33.27 | −84.60 to 18.08 | 0.192 |
| TNF-α (ng/mL) | −79.85 | −176.28 to 16.58 | 0.100 |
| Tryptophan metabolism | |||
| Tryptophan (µmol/L) | 0.67 | −4.63 to 4.96 | 0.942 |
| Kynurenine (µmol/L) | −0.26 | −0.77 to 0.24 | 0.289 |
| QA (ng/mL) | −0.18 | −1.06 to 0.70 | 0.670 |
| 5-HIAA (mg/L) | 0.65 | −1.17 to 2.47 | 0.466 |
| Gut microbial metabolites & SCFAs | |||
| Lactate (mmol/g) | 3.71 | −1.32 to 8.75 | 0.139 |
| Acetate (mmol/g) | −1.19 | −2.18 to 0.16 | 0.082 |
| Propionate (mmol/g) | −1.07 | −9.69 to 7.55 | 0.798 |
| Butyrate (mmol/g) | −1.17 | −9.87 to 7.53 | 0.782 |
| Endotoxin | |||
| LPS (pg/mL) | 4.25 | −26.21 to 34.72 | 0.774 |
| Immunoglobulin | |||
| IgA (µg/mL) | −554.95 | −1037.47 to −72.43 | 0.026 ** |
* p-value at 95% confidence interval, ** significant difference (p less than 0.05). # Mean of negative and positive scale scores of Thai Stress Test (TST). DHEA-S = Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; IL-10 = Interleukin-10; TNF-α = Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha; QA = Quinolinic acid; 5-HIAA = 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid; LPS = Lipopolysaccharide; IgA = Immunoglobulin A.