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. 2022 Mar 3;11(5):878. doi: 10.3390/cells11050878

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Inhibition of PAR2 decreased the expression of autophagy- and TJ-related factors and increased permeability. Cells were pretreated with SFM for 24 h and treated with GB83 (10 µM) for 24 h. (A) The protein levels of autophagy-related proteins were detected using Western blotting. β-actin was used as a loading control. The column bar graph represents the ratio of each protein to β-actin. mRNA expressions of (B) ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1, and (C) claudin-2 in Caco-2 cells treated with GB83 were detected using RT-PCR. GAPDH was used as the loading control. The bar graph represents the ratio of each mRNA to GAPDH. Data are shown as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 by unpaired t-test compared to the control group. (D) Caco-2 cells were cultured on transwell inserts for 7 days, pretreated with SFM for 24 h, and then treated with GB83 (10 µM). TEER was measured at different time points for 48 h after GB83 treatment. Values are mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 by two-way ANOVA compared to the control group.