Table 1.

Impacts of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on Rapid visco-analyzer (RVA) profile characteristics of rice.

BC	N	Peak Viscosity	Trough Viscosity	Break Down	Final Viscosity	Set Back	Reply Value	Peak Time	Pasting Temp
(ton ha−1)	(kg ha−1)
2019
0	135	3822.7 bc	3130.0 a	692.7 ab	4957.3 ab	1827.3 b	1134.7 a	6.18 a	82.6 ab
10	135	3802.0 bc	3114.7 a	687.3 b	4975.0 b	1860.3 ab	1173.0 a	6.13 a	81.8 bc
20	135	3717.7 bc	3085.3 a	632.3 b	4911.3 ab	1826.0 b	1193.7 a	6.20 a	83.4 a
30	135	3878.3 bc	3167.0 a	711.3 ab	5077.7 b	1910.7 a	1199.3 a	6.15 a	82.1 ab
0	180	3851.3 c	3070.0 a	781.3 ab	4919.0 ab	1849.0 b	1067.7 a	6.11 a	81.8 bc
10	180	3972.7 ab	3206.3 a	766.3 ab	5065.0 ab	1858.7 ab	1092.3 a	6.18 a	80.8 c
20	180	3848.3 bc	3162.3 a	686.0 b	5045.0 ab	1882.7 ab	1196.7 a	6.16 a	81.8 bc
30	180	4081.3 a	3168.0 a	913.3 a	5135.7 a	1967.7 a	1054.3 a	6.07 a	80.8 c
2020
0	135	3699.7 c	2999.3 c	627.7 c	4901.7 b	1902.3 a	1202.0 a	5.97 b	81.4 a
10	135	3707.3 c	3021.3 ab	680.7 c	4862.0 b	1840.7 bc	1154.7 ab	6.01 a	82.2 a
20	135	3790.7 b	3103.0 a	699.3 c	5034.0 a	1931.0 a	1243.3 a	5.97 a	80.9 a
30	135	3873.0 a	3006.0 bc	769.3 b	4832.0 b	1826.0 bc	959.0 b	5.91 a	80.7 a
0	180	3717.7 c	3050.7 ab	675.3 c	4854.0 b	1803.3 c	1136.3 ab	5.93 a	80.6 a
10	180	3755.0 b	3142.3 a	674.0 c	5050.7 a	1908.3 a	1295.7 a	5.99 a	79.7 a
20	180	3797.3 b	3098.3 ab	754.3 b	4965.0 b	1866.7 b	1167.7 ab	5.96 a	80.6 a
30	180	3897.0 a	3124.0 a	901.3 a	5048.7 a	1924.7 a	1151.7 ab	5.89 ab	79.6 a
SOV
BC		**	ns	*	ns	ns	**	**	*
N		**	*	ns	*	ns	ns	ns	**
Y(years)		**	*	ns	*	ns	ns	*	**
B × N		ns	ns	ns	**	*	ns	ns	**
B × Y		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
N × Y		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
N × B × Y		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

Note: ** and * show difference at 1% and 5%, respectively. Various letters (a, b, c,…) within the column show significant difference at 0.05 probability level according to least significant difference (LSD). SOV, source of variation; LSD, least significant differences; ns, non-significant; BC, biochar; N, nitrogen.