Table 2.

Selected studies investigating multimodal management of stage III lung cancer.

Investigators	Year	Study Type	Inclusion	(n)	Implications
Spicer et al. [53] (Checkmate816)	2021	Randomized Trial	Stage IB-IIIA	358	Addition of nivolumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy led to increased depth of pathological response. Majority of patients stage IIIA (63%)
Provencio et al. [48] (NADIM)	2020	Randomized Trial	Resectable Stage III	46	Patients with resectable stage III disease should receive neoadjuvant nivolumab with platinum-based chemotherapy prior to resection. Majority of patients T1N2 (33%) and T3N2 (28%)
Antonia et al. [50,51] (PACIFIC)	2017–2018	Randomized Trial	Unresectable Stage III	713	Consolidation therapy with durvalumab associated with better OS and PFS compared to placebo, regardless of PD-L1 expression
Bott et al. [66]	2015	NCDB	T4N2 or Any N3	9173	Surgical resection as part of multimodal treatment was associated with improved OS. Propensity-matched analysis confirmed results (n = 1262)
Albain et al. [67]	2009	Randomized Trial	T1-3pN2	202	No difference in OS, better PFS in group receiving surgical resection as part of multimodal treatment. Majority of patients T2 (63%), cN1 (76%)

Abbreviations: (n): number of patients included in study, OS: overall survival, PFS: progression-free survival, pN2: pathologic N2 status, cN1: clinical N1 status.