Table 2.

Description of study outcome measures

Measure	Description
Pharyngeal constriction ratio (PCR)	Ratio of the pharyngeal area measured in the lateral view at the point of maximum pharyngeal constriction to the area measured with a 1ml bolus held in the oral cavity, measured from videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS)
PES-L	Maximum opening of the pharyngoesophageal segment (PES) in the lateral view measured from VFSS.
Hypopharyngeal transit time	Total time of bolus passage through the hypopharynx as measured from VFSS.
Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS)	A validated 8-point scale characterizing the severity of penetration or aspiration depth and response to airway invasion during VFSS
Anterior tongue pressure	Maximal pressure (kPa) produced by the tongue as measured by the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI)
Pharyngeal Peak Pressure	Maximal pressure (mmHg) within the pharyngeal area (measured from the manometric pressure topography plot.
SF-12	A validated self-administered 12-item multipurpose short form survey assessing global health-related quality of life
EAT-10	A validated self-administered survey instrument to quantify dysphagia symptoms severity
Vocal Handicap Index (VHI)	A validated self-administered instrument quantifying symptoms of vocal dysfunction