Table A3.

Description of studies of the perception of traffic safety for children’s active travel.

Study	Location	Walking or/and Cycling	Outcome (of Perception of Safety)	Perception Given by	Participants	Data Source	Year of Data	Study Design
Basbas, S. et al., 2009 [54]	Municipality of Kalamaria, Thessaloniki, and Larissa, Greece	Walking and cycling	Unsafe/safe to walk and cycle	Children (students)	Age: 11–12 years (sixth grade school) School level: 9 Elementary school	Data from survey; no GIS	2001	Cross-sectional
Christie, N. et al., 2007 [51]	10 low socioeconomic areas, UK	Walking and cycling	Perceived risk of traffic injuries	Parents	Age: 10 to 14 years	Focus groups	The project started in 2004
Guliani, A. et al., 2014 [49]	Toronto, Canada	Walking	Danger to walk	Parents (mostly mothers)	Age: 10 and 11 years (average age 10.58) (720 students, grades 5 and 6) (52% girls and 47.5% boys) School level: 16 publics school (8 inner-urban, and 8 inner-suburban)	Survey (the project BEAT)	April 2010–June 2011	Cross-sectional
Hopkins, D. and S. Mandic, 2017 [53]	Dunedin, South Island, New Zealand	Cycling	Traffic danger to cycling	Parents and children students	6 parental focus groups (total = 25 participants), 10 student focus groups (total = 54 students), 5 co-educational schools, 5 single-sex schools (3 girls’ schools, 2 boys’ schools) School level: high school	Online interview focus group discussions	June 2014–April 2015	Cross-sectional
Lee, G. et al., 2016 [6]	Ulsan, Korea	Walking	Safety concern to walk (related with crash risk)	Child (students)	Age: 10–12 (53.9% boys); 799 children School level: 8 elementary school	Perception from questionnaire was distributed in the classroom Crash data from police report for crash	July 2015	Cross-sectional
Napier, M.A. et al., 2011 [68]	University of Utah, USA	Walking	Traffic unsafe to walk	Parents and children	Age: 10–11 year (n = 193); parents (n = 177) School level: elementary school	Survey (questionnaire was distributed in classroom); GIS measures	Spring 2007	Cross-sectional
Olvera, N. et al., 2012 [52]	East End district, East side of Houston, Texas, USA	Walking and cycling	Safety concern related to walking and cycling	Children and mothers	Age: 3rd to 5th grade; 132 children (55 boys and 77 girls) average age 10 years and; 102 mothers (mean age = 36.2 ± 77.3) School level: elementary schools	Self-reported surveys	2008–2009	Cross-sectional
Pocock, T. et al., 2019 [57]	Dunedin (New Zealand)	Walking and bicycling	Concern’s (traffic danger, unsafe) to walking and bicycling	Adolescents’ (students)	Age: 15.2 ± 1.4 years; data from 471 adolescents; 56.3% female School level: secondary schools	Online survey using GIS	2014–2015	Cross-sectional
Rahman, M.L. et al., 2020 [72]	Otago, New Zealand	Walking and cycling	Safety concerns	Children	Age: 15.2 ± 1.4 years School level: 23 high schools	Online survey	2014 and 2018
Rothman, L. et al., 2015 [50]	Toronto, Canada	Walking	Traffic danger to walk collision rates	Parents	Age: 9–11 years (grades 4–6); final sample of parents n = 733 parent surveys School level: 20 elementary (primary school) schools	Data from parents survey (a written questionnaire); no GIS	2011	Cross-sectional
Soori, H. 2000 [58]	Newcastle upon Tyne, UK	Walking and cycling	Perceived risk (safe/unsafe)	Parents and children	Age: 7 and 9 years Participants: children = 471; parents = 416 School level: nine primary school	Surveys (self-completed)		Cross-sectional
Torres, J. et al., 2020 [55]	Quebec, Canada	Walking and cycling	Safe/unsafe to walk or cycle	Children	Age: 11 to 12 years	Focus groups	2014–2015	Cross-sectional
Wilson, K. et al., 2019 [56]	Southwestern Ontario, Canada	Walking and cycling	Safe/unsafe to walk or cycle	Children	Age: 10 to 12 years Total of 158 students	Focus groups