Table 3.

Impact of neighborhood conditions on psychologic distress before and during COVID-19: Results of crude and adjusted general estimating equation (GEE) models ¹.

	Crude Models			Adjusted Models 2
	b	95% CI	p-Value	b	95% CI	p-Value
Perceived neighborhood collective efficacy	−0.37	−0.61, −0.13	<0.01	−0.23	−0.35, −0.09	<0.01
Neighborhood walk score	0.70	−0.22, 1.62	0.13	0.05	0.02, 0.07	<0.01
Neighborhood park score	−0.31	−0.81, 0.18	0.22	−0.03	−0.05, −0.01	<0.01
Total neighborhood crime rate	0.08	−0.10, 0.26	0.40	0.01	−0.00, 0.02	0.10
Neighborhood homicide rate	2.62	−5.59, 10.82	0.53	−1.20	−1.80, −0.60	<0.01
Neighborhood assault rate	0.63	−1.38, 2.64	0.54	0.14	0.03, 0.24	<0.01
Neighborhood onsite alcohol density	3.31	−0.52, 7.14	0.09	0.19	−0.11, 0.48	0.21
Neighborhood offsite alcohol density	1.31	−0.12, 2.75	0.07	0.89	0.52, 1.23	<0.01

¹ Modeling difference score in K6. Greater difference score indicates an increase in psychological distress following the start of the COVID pandemic. ² Controlling for age, sex, relationship status, education, employment, and social support.