Table 2. Type of recurrent prematurity according to maternal and birth care characteristics. Brazil, 2011–2012.
| Recurrent Prematurity | 39–40 weeks (Ref.) n (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Spontaneousb | pa | Provider-initiated | pa | ||
|
|
|
||||
| n (%) | n (%) | ||||
| Total | 217 (100.0) | 132 (100.0) | 5,486 (100.0) | ||
| Type of hospital | |||||
| Public | 134 (61.8) | < 0.001 | 57 (43.2) | 0.091 | 2,381 (43.4) |
| Mixed | 68 (31.3) | 53 (40.2) | 2,518 (45.9) | ||
| Private | 15 (6.9) | 22 (16.7) | 587 (10.7) | ||
| Maternal Ageb | |||||
| 12 to 19 years | 28 (13.1) | < 0.001 | 3 (2.3) | 0.007 | 340 (6.2) |
| 20 to 34 years | 159 (74.3) | 98 (74.2) | 4,355 (79.4) | ||
| ≥ 35 years | 27 (12.6) | 31 (23.5) | 791 (14.4) | ||
| Socioeconomic statusc | |||||
| Class D/E – low | 67 (30.9) | 0.163 | 30 (22.7) | < 0.001 | 1,378 (25.3) |
| Class C – middle | 113 (52.1) | 54 (40.9) | 2,848 (52.4) | ||
| Class A/B – high | 37 (17.0) | 48 (36.4) | 1,212 (22.3) | ||
| Adequacy of prenatal carec | |||||
| Inadequate or partially adequate | 106 (50.2) | 0.001 | 37 (28.2) | 0.011 | 2,042 (37.9) |
| Adequate or more than adequate | 105 (49.8) | 94 (71.8) | 3,340 (62.1) | ||
| Smoking in the third trimester of pregnancy | |||||
| No | 194 (89.4) | 0.488 | 126 (95.4) | 0.291 | 5,012 (91.3) |
| Yes, < 10 cigarettes/day | 15 (6.9) | 5 (3.8) | 274 (5.0) | ||
| Yes, ≥ 10 cigarettes/day | 8 (3.7) | 1 (0.8) | 200 (3.6) | ||
| BMI | |||||
| < 18.5 | 16 (7.4) | 0.037 | 11 (8.3) | 0.002 | 318 (5.8) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 132 (60.8) | 59 (44.7) | 3,091 (56.3) | ||
| 25.0–29.9 | 57 (26.3) | 34 (25.8) | 1,446 (26.4) | ||
| ≥ 30.0 | 12 (5.5) | 28 (21.2) | 631 (11.5) | ||
| Parity | |||||
| 1–2 previous deliveries | 139 (64.1) | < 0.001 | 99 (75.0) | 0.084 | 4,512 (82.2) |
| ≥ 3 previous deliveries | 78 (35.9) | 33 (25.0) | 974(17.8) | ||
| Previous cesarean sectionc | |||||
| Yes | 57 (26.3) | < 0.001 | 81 (61.4) | < 0.001 | 2,183 (40.0) |
| No | 160 (73.7) | 51 (38.6) | 3,272 (60.0) | ||
| Previous stillbirth or neonatal death | |||||
| Yes | 48 (22.1) | < 0.001 | 33 (25.0) | < 0.001 | 304 (5.5) |
| No | 169 (77.9) | 99 (75.0) | 5,182 (94.5) | ||
| Malformation | |||||
| Yes | 8 (3.7) | 0.020 | 5 (3.8) | 0.058 | 67 (1.2) |
| No | 209 (96.3) | 127 (96.2) | 5,419 (98.8) | ||
| Chronic hypertension | |||||
| Yes | 3 (1.4) | 0.061 | 24 (18.2) | < 0.001 | 176 (3.2) |
| No | 214 (98.6) | 108 (81.8) | 5,310 (96.8) | ||
| Chronic diabetes | |||||
| Yes | 4 (1.8) | 0.694 | 2 (1.5) | 0.995 | 70 (1.3) |
| No | 213 (98.2) | 130 (98.5) | 5,416 (98.7) | ||
| Clinical and obstetric complications | |||||
| Hypertensive syndromesd | 17 (7.8) | 0.049 | 67 (50.8) | < 0.001 | 557 (10.1) |
| Gestational diabetes | 11 (5.1) | 0.019 | 27 (20.5) | < 0.001 | 516 (9.4) |
| Other severe chronic diseased e | 4 (1.8) | 0.123 | 2 (1.5) | 0.430 | 46 (0.8) |
| Infection on admission for delivery | 3 (1.4) | 0.030 | 2 (1.5) | 0.056 | 15 (0.3) |
| Premature placental abruption | 8 (3.7) | 0.039 | 14 (10.6) | < 0.001 | 61 (1.1) |
| Placenta previa | 2 (0.9) | 0.714 | 2 (1.5) | 0.272 | 25 (0.5) |
| Restricted intrauterine growth | 7 (3.2) | 0.414 | 29 (22.0) | < 0.001 | 177 (3.2) |
Ref.: reference.
a Rao-Scott χ2 test.
b Spontaneous labor onset or premature rupture of membranes.
c Different total due to missing values.
d Hypertension, preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome.
e Chronic heart disease (except hypertension), chronic kidney disease, and autoimmune diseases.