Table 1.
Examples of cancers and leukemias related to Alu and LINE-1 insertion.
| Cancer or Leukemia | Altered Gene | Involved TE | Type of Event(s) | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute myeloid leukemia | MLL1 | Alu | Duplication | [64] |
| Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor | SMARCB1 | AluY | Frameshift | [58] |
| Breast/ovarian cancer | BRCA1 | Alu | Deletion, duplication | [12,59] |
| BRCA2 | Alu | Duplication, exon skipping, splicing alteration | [59,60] | |
| Breast cancer | NIPAL2 | LINE-1 | Intronic insertion | [57] |
| MAP2K4 | Alu | Translocation | [57] | |
| MYC | LINE-1 | Intronic insertion | [54] | |
| Chronic myeloid leukemia | BCR-ABL | Alu | Translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11) | [66] |
| Colon cancer | APC | LINE-1 | New polyA site | [20] |
| Ewing sarcoma | EWSR1-ETV | Alu | Translocation t(5;18)(q23–31;q12) | [67] |
| Hepatoma | CAD | Alu | Deletion | [61] |
| Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer | CDH1 | Alu | Deletion | [62] |
| Osteosarcoma | NCOA3, ZNF750 | Alu | Intronic insertion | [34] |
| Osteosarcoma | CSMD1, CNTNAP2, ZHHX3 | Alu and LINE-1 | Intronic insertion | [34] |
| Osteosarcoma | ADAMTS9-AS2, CTNNA2, LRP5, NCOR1, OPCML, PLCB4, PRKN, TFNC | LINE-1 | Intronic insertion | [34] |
| Osteosarcoma | KAT6A | LINE-1 | Insertion in 3′UTR-exon | [34] |
| Osteosarcoma | XPC | LINE-1 | Insertion in 5′UTR-intron | [34] |
| T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia | MYB | Alu | Duplication | [65] |