ACE	angiotensin-converting enzyme
Ang II	angiotensin II
ADP	adenosine diphosphate
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
BBB	brain–blood barrier
CBF	cerebral blood flow
CCL5	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5
cGMP	cyclic guanosine monophosphate
CRP	C-reactive protein
cSVD	cerebral small vessel disease
CX3CL1	chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1
CXCL4	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4
CXCL7	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7
CXCL8	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8
COX-2	cyclooxygenase-2
DAMPs	damage-associated molecular patterns
DKK-3	Dickkopf WNT Signalling Pathway Inhibitor 3
ECs	endothelial cells
ERF	endothelial releasing factors
IL	interleukine
iNOS	inducible nitric oxide synthase
IFN-α	interferone-α
IRS-1	insulin receptor substrate 1
ITAMs	immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs
miRNAs	microRNAs
MyD88	myeloid differentiation primary response gene88-dependent pathway
mtDNA	mitochondrial DNA
mtNOS	mitochondrial isoform of nitric oxide synthase
NADPH	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NLR	neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
NLRP3	NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3
NO	nitric oxide
OXPHOS	mitochondria mediate oxidative phosphorylation
PAMPs	pathogen associated molecular patterns
P13K	protein kinase B mechanism-dependent signalling
PRRs	family of pattern recognition receptors
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SHRs	spontaneously hypertensive rats
SYK	spleen tyrosine kinase
TIR	Toll/interleukin-1 receptor
TIRAP	Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein
TLRs	Toll-like receptors
TNF-α	tumour necrosis factor-alfa
TGF-β	transforming growth factor-beta
sICAM-1	soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1
sVCAM-1	soluble vascular cell adhesion molecules-1
VSMCs	vascular smooth muscle cells