Table 1.

Summary of the eight projects in NEXT-D2

Team/project	Policy/program	Data sources	Setting and population	Main outcomes	Main analytic method
Northwestern University	ACA Medicaid expansion	Electronic health records from 2009 to 2019 from the Chicago Area Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Network (CAPriCORN) and the Greater Plains Collaborative Clinical Data Research Network	10 million patients in 5 Medicaid expansion and 4 non-expansion states	Diabetes diagnosis, treatments, HbA1c levels, hypoglycemic, and other diabetes-related medications	Difference-in-difference methods
Oregon Health & Sciences University/Prevent-D	ACA Medicaid expansion	EHR data from the ADVANCE clinical data research network, which has data from > 700 community health centers and Oregon Medicaid claim data	Patients aged 19–64 with diabetes, prediabetes, at risk for type 2 diabetes, or no diabetes	Insurance status, healthcare delivery, diabetes biomarkers (e.g., HbA1c), Medicaid expenditures	Difference-in-difference
Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute /HDHP impacts	Employer-mandated transition to high-deductible insurance coverage	OptumInsight (Eden Prairie, MN) Clinformatics commercial insurance claims database	Patients with diagnosis of diabetes from 2005 to 2017	Inpatient, emergency room, and outpatient service utilization, out-of-pocket costs, and total healthcare service consumption	Interrupted time series design and difference-in--difference
Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine at Hershey Medical Center	Universal preventive coverage for obesity screening and counseling	EHR and claims data from the PaTH Clinical Research Data Network (CDRN), a partnership of six health systems in 3 states	Patients with overweight and obesity with diabetes or who are at risk for type 2 diabetes	Weight loss, patient-reported outcomes (e.g., self-rated health, depression, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption), diabetes incidence, diabetes-related processes of care	Multi-level mixed effects models, difference-in--difference
Tulane University	Introduction of a CMS CPT billing code for non-face-to-face chronic care management services	EHR and claims data from the Research Action for Health Network (REACHnet)	Patients aged 35–94 with diabetes plus at least one other chronic condition	Uptake and use of the new CMS billing code, diabetes quality indicators (e.g., HbA1c < 7%, blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg, etc.)	Regression discontinuity, difference-in--difference
University of California, Berkeley	CMS State Innovation Model (SIM) Initiative	Population health survey data (BRFSS, HCUP), provider and system survey data (NSPO, N-SHOS)	Physician organizations, adult patients with diabetes	Organizational: adoption of diabetes care management, health IT, implementation of core PCMH components. Individual: diabetes-related health behaviors (e.g., physical activity, tobacco use, etc.)	Stepped-wedge, difference-in--difference
Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai	New York State’s Health Home program	EHR data from the NYC-CDRN, which includes 7 major health systems, Medicaid claims, Medicaid HH program data, key informant interviews, focus groups	Adults with diabetes who have been insured by Medicaid during the study period	-Quality of care (e.g., nephropathy screening) -Utilization (e.g., diabetes-related preventable admissions) -Intermediate outcomes (e.g., HbA1c, blood pressure) -Diabetes complications	Interrupted time series with comparison series and difference-in--differences
University of California, Los Angeles	UnitedHealthcare Medicaid practice-level innovation (Accountable Care Communities) and Medicaid Health Home program	UnitedHealthcare Medicaid claims data	Adult Medicaid patients with diabetes or at risk for type 2 diabetes	Diabetes-related health outcomes (e.g., HbA1c), processes of care (e.g., microalbuminuria screening), utilization and cost of care	Interrupted time series design, regression discontinuity, and difference-in--difference

ACA Affordable Care Act, EHR electronic health record, HDHP high-deductible health plan, CMS Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, CPT current procedural terminology, BRFSS Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, HCUP Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, NSPO National Study of Physician Organizations, N-SHOS National Survey of Health Organizations and Systems