[Ca2+]i	intracellular calcium concentration
Ang II	angiotensin II
BMPR2	Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type 2
BOECs	blood outgrowth endothelial cells
cAMP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Cav-1	caveolin-1
Drp1	dynamin related protein-1
ECs	endothelial cells
EGF	epidermal growth factor
ENO	enolase
eNOS	endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)
ERAs	endothelin receptor antagonists
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
ET1	endothelin-1
FGF2	fibroblast growth factor 2
G6PD	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
GLUT	glucose transporter
HIF1	hypoxia-inducible factors 1
HIF2	hypoxia-inducible factors 2
HK1,2	hexokinase 1,2
HLMVECs	human lung microvascular endothelial cells
HPAH	hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension
HREs	hypoxia-responsive elements
IL18	interleukin 18
IL-6	interleukin-6
IPAH	idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
JAK2	Janus kinase II
LDHA	lactate dehydrogenase A
MCT	monocrotaline
Mfn2	mitofusin-2
MIF	migration inhibitory factor
miRNAs	microRNA
MMP	metalloproteinases
mPAP	mean pulmonary artery pressure
mROS	mitochondrial ROS
NADPH	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NF-κB	nuclear factor-kappa B
NO	nitric oxide
OXPHOS	oxidative phosphorylation
PAECs	pulmonary artery endothelial cell
PAH	pulmonary arterial hypertension
PASMCs	pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
PCNA	proliferating cell nuclear antigen
PDE5i	phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors
PDGF	platelet-derived growth factor
PDH	pyruvate dehydrogenase
PDK	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase
PFKFB3	6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6- bisphosphatase 3
PGC-1α	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
PGI2	prostaglandin 2
PH	pulmonary hypertension
PKM	pyruvate kinase muscle
PPHN	persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
PPP	pentose phosphate pathway
PTBP1	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1
PVR	pulmonary vascular resistance
REVEAL	registry to evaluate early and long-term disease management in PAH
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RVH	right ventricle hypertrophy
RVSP	right ventricular systolic pressure
sGC	soluble guanylate cyclase
SIRT3	sirtuin 3
SMCs	smooth muscle cells
SOD	superoxide dismutase
STAT3	signal transducers and activators of transcription-3
TCA	tricarboxylic acid cycle
TGF-β1	transforming growth factor-β1
TIMP-1	tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor alpha
TRPC	transient receptor potential
TRPV4	transient receptor potential vanilloid-4
UCP2	uncoupling protein 2
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
VSMCs	vascular smooth muscle cells
α-KG	α-ketoglutarate